Journal ArticleDOI
Introduced annual grass increases regional fire activity across the arid western USA (1980–2009)
TLDR
It is demonstrated that cheatgrass invasion has substantially altered the regional fire regime in the Great Basin, USA, and this study is the first to document recent cheatgrass-driven fire regimes at a regional scale.Abstract:
Non-native, invasive grasses have been linked to altered grass-fire cycles worldwide. Although a few studies have quantified resulting changes in fire activity at local scales, and many have speculated about larger scales, regional alterations to fire regimes remain poorly documented. We assessed the influence of large-scale Bromus tectorum (hereafter cheatgrass) invasion on fire size, duration, spread rate, and interannual variability in comparison to other prominent land cover classes across the Great Basin, USA. We compared regional land cover maps to burned area measured using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for 2000–2009 and to fire extents recorded by the USGS registry of fires from 1980 to 2009. Cheatgrass dominates at least 6% of the central Great Basin (650 000 km 2 ). MODIS records show that 13% of these cheatgrass-dominated lands burned, resulting in a fire return interval of 78 years for any given location within cheatgrass. This proportion was more than double the amount burned across all other vegetation types (range: 0.5–6% burned). During the 1990s, this difference was even more extreme, with cheatgrass burning nearly four times more frequently than any native vegetation type (16% of cheatgrass burned compared to 1–5% of native vegetation). Cheatgrass was also disproportionately represented in the largest fires, comprising 24% of the land area of the 50 largest fires recorded by MODIS during the 2000s. Furthermore, multi-date fires that burned across multiple vegetation types were significantly more likely to have started in cheatgrass. Finally, cheatgrass fires showed a strong interannual response to wet years, a trend only weakly observed in native vegetation types. These results demonstrate that cheatgrass invasion has substantially altered the regional fire regime. Although this result has been suspected by managers for decades, this study is the first to document recent cheatgrass-driven fire regimes at a regional scale.read more
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Journal Article
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Stefano Schiavon,Roberto Zecchin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a document, redatto, voted and pubblicato by the Ipcc -Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large wildfire trends in the western United States, 1984-2011
Abstract: We used a database capturing large wildfires (> 405 ha) in the western U.S. to document regional trends in fire occurrence, total fire area, fire size, and day of year of ignition for 1984–2011. Over the western U.S. and in a majority of ecoregions, we found significant, increasing trends in the number of large fires and/or total large fire area per year. Trends were most significant for southern and mountain ecoregions, coinciding with trends toward increased drought severity. For all ecoregions combined, the number of large fires increased at a rate of seven fires per year, while total fire area increased at a rate of 355 km2 per year. Continuing changes in climate, invasive species, and consequences of past fire management, added to the impacts of larger, more frequent fires, will drive further disruptions to fire regimes of the western U.S. and other fire-prone regions of the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Learning to coexist with wildfire
Max A. Moritz,Enric Batllori,Ross A. Bradstock,A. Malcolm Gill,John Handmer,Paul F. Hessburg,Justin Leonard,Sarah McCaffrey,Dennis C. Odion,Tania Schoennagel,Alexandra D. Syphard +10 more
TL;DR: A more coordinated approach to risk management and land-use planning in these coupled systems is needed because fire will never operate as a natural ecosystem process, and the impact on society will continue to grow.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adapt to more wildfire in western North American forests as climate changes
Tania Schoennagel,Jennifer K. Balch,Hannah Brenkert-Smith,Philip E. Dennison,Brian J. Harvey,Meg A. Krawchuk,Nathan Mietkiewicz,Penelope Morgan,Max A. Moritz,Ray Rasker,Monica G. Turner,Cathy Whitlock +11 more
TL;DR: This work proposes an approach that accepts wildfire as an inevitable catalyst of change and that promotes adaptive responses by ecosystems and residential communities to more warming and wildfire.
Journal ArticleDOI
Managing Forests and Fire in Changing Climates
Scott L. Stephens,James K. Agee,Peter Z. Fulé,Malcolm P. North,William H. Romme,Thomas W. Swetnam,Monica G. Turner +6 more
TL;DR: Policy-makers are challenged not to categorize all fires as destructive to ecosystems simply because they have long flame lengths and kill most of the trees within the fire boundary.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
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TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity
Anthony L. Westerling,Anthony L. Westerling,Hugo G. Hidalgo,Daniel R. Cayan,Daniel R. Cayan,Thomas W. Swetnam +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons.
Journal Article
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Stefano Schiavon,Roberto Zecchin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a document, redatto, voted and pubblicato by the Ipcc -Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change
TL;DR: Biological invasions into wholly new regions are a consequence of a far reaching but underappreciated component of global environmental change, the human-caused breakdown of biogeographic barriers to species dispersal.