Journal ArticleDOI
Jarosites and Their Application in Hydrometallurgy
John E. Dutrizac,John L. Jambor +1 more
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The alunite supergroup as mentioned in this paper consists of more than 40 minerals with the general formula DG 3(T O4)2(OH,H2O)6, wherein D represents cations with a coordination number greater or equal to 9, and G and T represent sites with octahedral and tetrahedral coordination, respectively.Abstract:
The alunite supergroup consists of more than 40 minerals with the general formula DG 3( T O4)2(OH,H2O)6, wherein D represents cations with a coordination number greater or equal to 9, and G and T represent sites with octahedral and tetrahedral coordination, respectively (Smith et al. 1998). The supergroup is commonly subdivided into various groups, but the simplest primary subdivision is on the basis of the G cations. For all of the minerals in the supergroup, the dominant G cation is trivalent; most of the minerals have G represented by Fe3+ or Al3+, but exceptions are the rare minerals gallobeudantite, in which G is Ga3+, and springcreekite, in which G is V3+ (Table 1⇓). Thus, the primary grouping adopted here is on whether formula Fe3+ exceeds or is subordinate to Al3+. The hierarchical sequence in mineralogy seems to be variable, but here the decreasing sequence is given as supergroup, family, group, and subgroup. Minerals with Fe3+ > Al3+ are referred to as belonging to the jarosite family, and those with A13+ > Fe3+ are allocated to the alunite family.
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Table 1.
Minerals of the alunite supergroup.
Subdivision of the alunite and jarosite families has also been variable; Scott (1987), for example, used seven groups, Novak et al. (1994) used six, Gaines et al. (1997) used four, and Mandarino (1999) used three. The arbitrary decision here is to use three groups, which differ from those of Mandarino (1999) but which, in general, indicate whether sulfate, phosphate, or arsenate predominates in the T O4 tetrahedra. The three groups are the alunite group, in which T O4 is dominated by SO4, the crandallite group, in which (PO4) is …read more
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The geochemistry of acid mine drainage
David W. Blowes,Carol J. Ptacek,John L. Jambor,Christopher G. Weisener,Dogan Paktunc,W.D. Gould,D.B. Johnson +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed and applied molecular tools to determine the activity and role of microorganisms in sulfide-mineral-bearing systems and developed tools for assessing the toxicity of mine-waste effluent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Element cycling and secondary mineralogy in porphyry copper tailings as a function of climate, primary mineralogy, and mineral processing
TL;DR: A comparative geochemical, mineralogical, and microbiological study of three mine tailings impoundments from the La Andina, El Teniente, and El Salvador porphyry copper deposits, Chile is presented in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The behavior of trace elements during schwertmannite precipitation and subsequent transformation into goethite and jarosite
TL;DR: Schwertmannite is a ubiquitous mineral formed from acid rock drainage (ARD), and plays a major role in controlling the water chemistry of many acid streams as mentioned in this paper, but it is not known how it is formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mossbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Meridiani Planum, Mars: Opportunity's journey across sulfate-rich outcrop, basaltic sand and dust, and hematite lag deposits
R. V. Morris,Göstar Klingelhöfer,Christian Schröder,Daniel Rodionov,Albert S. Yen,Douglas W. Ming,P. A. de Souza,Thomas J. Wdowiak,Iris Fleischer,Ralf Gellert,B. Bernhardt,Uwe Bonnes,Barbara A. Cohen,E. N. Evlanov,J. Foh,J. Foh,Philipp Gütlich,E. Kankeleit,Timothy J. McCoy,David W. Mittlefehldt,Franz Renz,M. E. Schmidt,B. Zubkov,Steven W. Squyres,Raymond E. Arvidson +24 more
TL;DR: Gutlich, E Kankeleit, T McCoy, DW Mittlefehldt, F Renz, ME Schmidt, B Zubkov, SW Squyres, RE Arvidson
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of Acid Mine Drainage Formation in Sulphidic Mine Tailings
TL;DR: The formation of acid mine drainage (AMD) is a sequence of complex biogeochemical and mineral dissolution processes, which can be classified in three main steps occurring from the operational phase of a tailings impoundment until the final appearance of AMD after operations ceased as discussed by the authors.
References
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TL;DR: The effective ionic radii of Shannon & Prewitt [Acta Cryst. (1969), B25, 925-945] are revised to include more unusual oxidation states and coordinations as mentioned in this paper.
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Schwertmannite and the chemical modeling of iron in acid sulfate waters.
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of ochreous sediments and associated solutions from twenty-eight mine drainage sites showed that precipitates formed at pH 6.5 or higher were composed of ferrihydrite (nominally Fe5HO8 · 4H2O) or a mixture of ferria and goethite (α-FeOOH), whereas those precipitated from waters having pH values in the range of 2.8 to 4.5 were predominantly schwertmannite (ideally Fe8O8(OH)6SO4) with trace
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Geomicrobiology : interactions between microbes and minerals
TL;DR: Geomicrobiology: Interactions Between Microbes and Minerals as mentioned in this paper provides an in-depth look at a fascinating subject, including a review for nonspecialists on microorganisms and biogeochemical cycles and concludes with the evolution of the carbon cycle.