Journal ArticleDOI
Lead tolerance in plants: strategies for phytoremediation.
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TLDR
Recent advancement and potential application of plants for lead removal from the environment are discussed and efficient strategies like phytoremediation are required.Abstract:
Lead (Pb) is naturally occurring element whose distribution in the environment occurs because of its extensive use in paints, petrol, explosives, sludge, and industrial wastes. In plants, Pb uptake and translocation occurs, causing toxic effects resulting in decrease of biomass production. Commonly plants may prevent the toxic effect of heavy metals by induction of various celular mechanisms such as adsorption to the cell wall, compartmentation in vacuoles, enhancement of the active efflux, or induction of higher levels of metal chelates like a protein complex (metallothioneins and phytochelatins), organic (citrates), and inorganic (sulphides) complexes. Phyotochelains (PC) are synthesized from glutathione (GSH) and such synthesis is due to transpeptidation of γ-glutamyl cysteinyl dipeptides from GSH by the action of a constitutively present enzyme, PC synthase. Phytochelatin binds to Pb ions leading to sequestration of Pb ions in plants and thus serves as an important component of the detoxification mechanism in plants. At cellular level, Pb induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of imbalanced ROS production and ROS scavenging processes by imposing oxidative stress. ROS include superoxide radical (O2.−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (·OH), which are necessary for the correct functioning of plants; however, in excess they caused damage to biomolecules, such as membrane lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids among others. To limit the detrimental impact of Pb, efficient strategies like phytoremediation are required. In this review, it will discuss recent advancement and potential application of plants for lead removal from the environment.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial and Plant-Assisted Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Environments: A Review
TL;DR: The toxic effects of heavy metal pollution and the mechanisms used by microbes and plants for environmental remediation are discussed and the importance of modern biotechnological techniques and approaches in improving the ability of microbial enzymes to effectively degrade heavy metals at a faster rate is emphasized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytoremediation: A Promising Approach for Revegetation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Land
An Yan,Yamin Wang,Swee Ngin Tan,Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof,Subhadip Ghosh,Subhadip Ghosh,Zhong Chen,Zhong Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms of how heavy metals are taken up, translocated, and detoxified in plants are described and the strategies applied to improve the efficiency of phytostabilization and phytoextraction are focused on, including the application of genetic engineering, microbe-assisted and chelate-assisted approaches.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany.
Vasileios Antoniadis,Sabry M. Shaheen,Sabry M. Shaheen,Judith Boersch,Tina Frohne,Gijs Du Laing,J. Rinklebe +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that in multi-element contamination cases, along with high-toxicity elements, other elements may also be responsible for increasing human health risks (i.e., Mn), due to the possibility of adverse synergism of the PTEs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of phosphate fertilizers in heavy metal uptake and detoxification of toxic metals.
TL;DR: The role of phosphorus in fertilizers, their uptake along with other elements and signaling during P starvation are assessed to help the maximum utilization by plants and minimum run-off and wastage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of metal toxicity in plants
TL;DR: This review initially addresses the current state of the environmental/agricultural problem, and then discusses in detail the occurrence, mechanisms and relevance of toxicity of selected trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, and Zn).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants: how and why do they do it? And what makes them so interesting?
TL;DR: An overview of literature discussing the phytoremediation capacity of hyperaccumulators to clean up soils contaminated with heavy metals and the possibility of using these plants in phytomining is presented.
Book ChapterDOI
Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to describe how plants take lead up and to link such uptake to the ecotoxicity of lead in plants, and to address the mechanisms by which plants or plant systems detoxify lead.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of heavy metal-resistant endophytic bacteria from rape (Brassica napus) roots and their potential in promoting the growth and lead accumulation of rape.
TL;DR: Two lead (Pb)-resistant endophytic bacteria were isolated from rape roots grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils and characterized and could colonize the root interior and rhizosphere soil of rape after root inoculation.