Marine Plastic Debris: A New Surface for Microbial Colonization.
Robyn J. Wright,Gabriel Erni-Cassola,Vinko Zadjelovic,Mira Latva,Joseph Alexander Christie-Oleza,Joseph Alexander Christie-Oleza +5 more
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TLDR
It is concluded that research so far has not shown Plastisphere communities to starkly differ from microbial communities on other inert surfaces, which is particularly true for mature biofilm assemblages.Abstract:
Plastics become rapidly colonized by microbes when released into marine environments. This microbial community-the Plastisphere-has recently sparked a multitude of scientific inquiries and generated a breadth of knowledge, which we bring together in this review. Besides providing a better understanding of community composition and biofilm development in marine ecosystems, we critically discuss current research on plastic biodegradation and the identification of potentially pathogenic "hitchhikers" in the Plastisphere. The Plastisphere is at the interface between the plastic and its surrounding milieu, and thus drives every interaction that this synthetic material has with its environment, from ecotoxicity and new links in marine food webs to the fate of the plastics in the water column. We conclude that research so far has not shown Plastisphere communities to starkly differ from microbial communities on other inert surfaces, which is particularly true for mature biofilm assemblages. Furthermore, despite progress that has been made in this field, we recognize that it is time to take research on plastic-Plastisphere-environment interactions a step further by identifying present gaps in our knowledge and offering our perspective on key aspects to be addressed by future studies: (I) better physical characterization of marine biofilms, (II) inclusion of relevant controls, (III) study of different successional stages, (IV) use of environmentally relevant concentrations of biofouled microplastics, and (V) prioritization of gaining a mechanistic and functional understanding of Plastisphere communities.read more
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Dangerous hitchhikers? evidence for potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. on microplastic particles
TL;DR: This study confirms the indicated occurrence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio bacteria on marine microplastics and highlights the urgent need for detailed biogeographical analyses of marinemicroplastics.
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Plastics and the microbiome: impacts and solutions
Gavin Lear,Joanne M. Kingsbury,S. Franchini,V. Gambarini,S. D. M. Maday,J. A. Wallbank,Louise Weaver,O. Pantos +7 more
TL;DR: This article proposed a best-practice workflow for isolating and reporting plastic-degrading taxa from diverse environmental microbiomes, which should include multiple lines of evidence supporting changes in polymer structure, mass loss, and detection of presumed degradation products, along with confirmation of microbial strains and enzymes responsible for high molecular weight plastic polymer degradation.
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Food or just a free ride? A meta-analysis reveals the global diversity of the Plastisphere.
TL;DR: This meta-analysis confirms that potentially biodegrading Plastisphere members, the hydrocarbonoclastic Oceanospirillales and Alteromonadales are consistently more abundant in plastic than control biofilm samples across multiple studies and environments and indicates the predilection of these organisms for plastics.
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Recent advances in photocatalytic degradation of plastics and plastic-derived chemicals
Zenglin Ouyang,Yang Yang,Chen Zhang,Shumin Zhu,Lei Qin,Wenjun Wang,Donghui He,Yin Zhou,Hanzhuo Luo,Fanzhi Qin +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of plastic fragments and major plastic-derived chemicals, including phthalic acid ester plasticizers, nonylphenol antioxidants, bisphenol A plasticizer and brominated flame retardants, is systematically investigated.
Mature biofilm communities on synthetic polymers in seawater - Specific or general?By: Kirstein, Inga V.; Wichels, Antje; Krohne, Georg; et al.
TL;DR: It was hypothesized that the microbial biofilm composition varies distinctly between different substrates, and characteristic and discriminatory taxa of significantly different biofilm communities were identified, indicating their specificity to a given substrate.
References
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Supplementary Materials for Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
Jenna Jambeck,Roland Geyer,Chris Wilcox,Theodore R. Siegler,Anthony L. Andrady,Ramani Narayan,Kara Lavender Law +6 more
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Microplastics in the marine environment
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