Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: Review of the current evidence
Karen Markussen Linnet,Søren Dalsgaard,Carsten Obel,Kirsten Wisborg,Tine Brink Henriksen,Alina Rodriguez,Arto J. Kotimaa,Irma Moilanen,Per Hove Thomsen,Jørn Olsen,Marjo-Riitta Järvelin +10 more
TLDR
Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero is suspected to be associated with ADHD and ADHD symptoms in children and other maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy may also beassociated with these disorders.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to examine the literature assessing the relationship between prenatal exposure to nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and psychosocial stress during pregnancy to the risk of developing behavioral problems related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. METHOD: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched systematically. Studies using DSM diagnostic criteria and other validated diagnostic or screening instruments for ADHD and those examining ADHD symptoms were included. A narrative approach was used because the studies differed too much in methods and data sources to permit a quantitative meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies on nicotine (tobacco smoking), nine on alcohol, one on caffeine, and five on psychosocial stress were identified. All were published between 1973 and 2002. In spite of inconsistencies, the studies on nicotine indicated a greater risk of ADHD-related disorders among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. ...read more
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SeminarAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
TL;DR: Converging evidence from animal and human studies implicates the dysregulation of frontal-subcortical-cerebellar catecholaminergic circuits in the pathophysiology of ADHD, and molecular imaging studies suggest that abnormalities of the dopamine transporter lead to impaired neurotransmission.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antenatal maternal anxiety and stress and the neurobehavioural development of the fetus and child : links and possible mechanisms. A review
TL;DR: Although some inconsistencies remain, the results in general support a fetal programming hypothesis and programs to reduce maternal stress in pregnancy are warranted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The long-term behavioural consequences of prenatal stress.
TL;DR: Excess circulating maternal stress hormones alter the programming of foetal neurons, and together with genetic factors, the postnatal environment and quality of maternal attention, determine the behaviour of the offspring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence, Recognition, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a National Sample of US Children
Tanya E. Froehlich,Bruce P. Lanphear,Jeffery N. Epstein,William J. Barbaresi,Slavica K. Katusic,Robert S. Kahn +5 more
TL;DR: Poor children are most likely to meet criteria for ADHD yet are least likely to receive consistent pharmacotherapy, and the wealthiest children were more likely than the poorest to receive regular medication treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The potential influence of maternal stress hormones on development and mental health of the offspring.
TL;DR: Excess amounts of CRH and cortisol reaching the human fetal brain during periods of chronic maternal stress could alter personality and predispose to attention deficits and depressive illness through changes in neurotransmitter activity.
References
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