Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave-assisted extraction of emerging pollutants in environmental and biological samples before chromatographic determination
TLDR
In this article, a review comprehensively describes the applications of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) in the past six years for the determination of the main families of emerging organic pollutants in the environment.Abstract:
Two of the main topics of growing concern in analytical chemistry are the development of green analytical methods and the determination of emerging pollutants. One of the well-established green extraction techniques is microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). After giving a brief description of MAE principles, the present review comprehensively describes the applications of MAE in the past six years for the determination of the main families of emerging organic pollutants in the environment. Compared to other extraction techniques, MAE offers many advantages, such as great reductions in extraction time and solvent consumption, as well as the possibility of performing multiple extractions, thereby increasing sample throughput. From a technological point of view, most future application areas are likely to focus on improving the flexibility of recently introduced sequential systems with the capacity to control conditions in each extraction vessel.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Current sample preparation methodologies for analysis of emerging pollutants in different environmental matrices
TL;DR: A review of modern sample preparation techniques combined with chromatographic techniques for identification and quantification of emerging contaminants in environmental matrices is presented in this paper, which includes solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, liquid-liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, liquid phase micro-extraction techniques, stir bar sorptive extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction, among others.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selected analytical challenges in the determination of pharmaceuticals in drinking/marine waters and soil/sediment samples
Anna Białk-Bielińska,Jolanta Kumirska,Marta Borecka,Magda Caban,Monika Paszkiewicz,Ksenia Pazdro,Piotr Stepnowski +6 more
TL;DR: A review of selected recent improvements and challenges in the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples, with a particular focus on the applicability of modern sorbents such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in sample preparation techniques, to overcome some of the problems that exist in the analysis of Pharmaceuticals in different environmental samples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Automation of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and related techniques. Approaches based on flow, batch, flow-batch and in-syringe modes
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview on the automation of DLLME and related techniques performed in flow, batch, flow-batch, and in-syringe modes is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave-assisted extraction of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and industrial contaminants in the environment
TL;DR: In this paper, the most relevant analytical methods and applications for the extraction of selected emerging pollutants, including pharmaceuticals and veterinary drugs, personal care products, as well as industrial contaminants, in environmental matrices are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution and Chemical Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environmental Systems: A Review.
TL;DR: Solid-phase extraction proved to be the best extraction method for these polar, non-volatile, and thermally unstable compounds in water, however, ultrasonic extraction works better for their isolation from sediment because it is cheap and consumes less solvent, even though SPE is preferred as a clean-up method for sediment samples.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments.
TL;DR: RQ was applied as a novel approach to estimate the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals that are most frequently detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments and its continuous introduction in the environment may make them "pseudopersistents".
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution and Fate of HBCD and TBBPA Brominated Flame Retardants in North Sea Estuaries and Aquatic Food Webs
Steven Morris,C.R. Allchin,Bart N. Zegers,Joris J.-H. Haftka,Jan P. Boon,Claude Belpaire,Pim E.G. Leonards,Stefan P.J. van Leeuwen,Jacob de Boer +8 more
TL;DR: Evidence of HBCD bioaccumulation at the trophic level and biomagnification in the ascending aquatic food chain is shown, and these findings justify risk assessment studies at the ecosystem level.
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Microwave extraction. A novel sample preparation method for chromatography
TL;DR: The microwave extraction method was more effective than the traditional Soxhlet or shake-flask extraction methods and suitable for fast extractions of large sample series.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of environmental samples
TL;DR: In recent years, microwave assisted extraction has attracted growing interest as it allows rapid extractions of solutes from solid matrices, with extraction efficiency comparable to that of the classical techniques as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Organic Compounds from Standard Reference Soils and Sediments
TL;DR: In this paper, microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds from solid materials (or ''matrices») was evaluated as part of an ongoing evaluation of new sample preparation techniques by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), especially those that minimize waste solvents.