Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling the toxicity of copper and zinc salts to wheat in 14 soils
Michael St. J. Warne,Diane Heemsbergen,D. P. Stevens,Mike J. McLaughlin,Mike J. McLaughlin,G. Cozens,Mark Whatmuff,Mark Whatmuff,Kris Broos,Glenn Barry,Michael J. Bell,David Nash,Deborah Pritchard,N. Penney +13 more
TLDR
To quantify the effects that soil physicochemical properties have on various ecotoxicological endpoints, including phytotoxicity, 14 agricultural soils from Australia with differing soil properties were spiked with copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) salts and used to conduct plant growth inhibition tests using wheat in pot trials.Abstract:
Interest is mounting in developing and utilizing soil-specific soil quality guidelines. This requires quantifying the effects that soil physicochemical properties have on various ecotoxicological endpoints, including phytotoxicity. To this end, 14 agricultural soils from Australia with differing soil properties were spiked with copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) salts and used to conduct 21-d plant growth inhibition tests using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in pot trials. The toxicity of Cu and Zn was similar with 10% effect concentration (EC10) values ranging from 110 to 945 and from 235 to 965 mg/kg, respectively, while the corresponding median effect concentration (EC50) values ranged from 240 to 1,405 and 470 to 1,745 mg/kg, respectively. Copper toxicity values (EC10, EC20, and EC50) were best modeled by the logarithm of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and either soil pH or electrical conductivity. Zinc EC50 and EC20 values were best modeled using the logarithm of CEC, while the EC10 data were best modeled using soil pH and the logarithm of organic carbon. These models generally estimated toxicity within a factor of two of the measured values.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review
TL;DR: In this article, the range of heavy metals, their occurrence and toxicity for plants, and their effects on the ecosystem is discussed, where the authors focus mainly on zinc, cadmium, copper, mercury, chromium, lead, arsenic, cobalt, nickel, manganese and iron.
Book
Heavy metals in soils : trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the sources of heavy metals and metalloids in Soils and derived methods for the determination of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of heavy metals exposure to plants and role of GSH and PCs in heavy metal stress tolerance were reviewed and genetic manipulations of both GSH levels and PC levels were presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics.
TL;DR: This review summarizes various tolerance strategies of plants under heavy metal toxicity covering the role of metabolites (metabolomics), trace elements (ionomics), transcription factors (transcriptomics), various stress-inducible proteins (proteomics) as well as therole of plant hormones.
Journal ArticleDOI
CuO and ZnO nanoparticles: phytotoxicity, metal speciation, and induction of oxidative stress in sand-grown wheat
Christian O. Dimkpa,Joan E. McLean,Drew E. Latta,Eliana Manangon,David W. Britt,William P. Johnson,Maxim I. Boyanov,Anne J. Anderson +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of commercial metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on wheat grown in a solid matrix, sand, was investigated using dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
References
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Book
The Australian soil classification
TL;DR: The Australian Soil Classification as mentioned in this paper provides a framework for organizing knowledge about Australian soils by allocating soils to classes via a key, and has been widely adopted and formally endorsed as the official national system.
Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical methods.
G. E. Rayment,F. R. Higginson +1 more
Abstract: This handbook of chemical tests for diagnostic, agricultural, and environmental purposes promotes the use of consistent methods, procedures and terminologies in soil and land surveys undertaken throughout Australia. Soil and water chemical methods include sampling and sample preparation, and measuring electrical conductivity and pH. Soil analysis includes: chloride, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, gypsum, Other CABI sites
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil—V: A method for measuring soil biomass
D. S. Jenkinson,David S. Powlson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for the determination of biomass in soil is described, which is calculated from the difference between the amounts of CO2 evolved during incubation by fumigated and unfumigated soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trace element chemistry in residual-treated soil: key concepts and metal bioavailability.
TL;DR: Research is needed to determine mechanisms for trace element retention of soil-residual systems, determine the effect of residuals on ecological receptors and the ability of residual’s to reduce ecotoxicity in metal-contaminated soil, and predict the long-term bioavailability of trace elements in soil- Residual Systems.
Book ChapterDOI
Reactions controlling heavy metal solubility in soils
TL;DR: In this paper, a more fundamental understanding of the soil processes controlling metal solubility is proposed to prevent practices that could have deleterious effects on soil productivity and environmental quality.