Molecular Biology of Pseudorabies Virus: Impact on Neurovirology and Veterinary Medicine
TLDR
Pseudorabies virus serves as a self-perpetuating transsynaptic tracer of neuronal circuitry, and it is detailed the original studies of PRV circuitry mapping, the biology underlying this application, and the development of the next generation of tracer viruses.Abstract:
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a herpesvirus of swine, a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, and the etiological agent of Aujeszky's disease. This review describes the contributions of PRV research to herpesvirus biology, neurobiology, and viral pathogenesis by focusing on (i) the molecular biology of PRV, (ii) model systems to study PRV pathogenesis and neurovirulence, (iii) PRV transsynaptic tracing of neuronal circuits, and (iv) veterinary aspects of pseudorabies disease. The structure of the enveloped infectious particle, the content of the viral DNA genome, and a step-by-step overview of the viral replication cycle are presented. PRV infection is initiated by binding to cellular receptors to allow penetration into the cell. After reaching the nucleus, the viral genome directs a regulated gene expression cascade that culminates with viral DNA replication and production of new virion constituents. Finally, progeny virions self-assemble and exit the host cells. Animal models and neuronal culture systems developed for the study of PRV pathogenesis and neurovirulence are discussed. PRV serves as a self-perpetuating transsynaptic tracer of neuronal circuitry, and we detail the original studies of PRV circuitry mapping, the biology underlying this application, and the development of the next generation of tracer viruses. The basic veterinary aspects of pseudorabies management and disease in swine are discussed. PRV infection progresses from acute infection of the respiratory epithelium to latent infection in the peripheral nervous system. Sporadic reactivation from latency can transmit PRV to new hosts. The successful management of PRV disease has relied on vaccination, prevention, and testing.read more
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Advances in swine biomedical model genomics.
TL;DR: The potential for genomic approaches to develop new alternatives for control of the most economically important disease of pigs, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and the potential for applying knowledge gained with this virus for human viral infectious disease studies is discussed.
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Antiviral Activity of Graphene Oxide: How Sharp Edged Structure and Charge Matter.
Shiyi Ye,Kang Shao,Zhonghua Li,Nan Guo,Yunpeng Zuo,Qin Li,Zhicheng Lu,Lu Chen,Qigai He,Heyou Han +9 more
TL;DR: The results showed that GO significantly suppressed the infection of PRV and PEDV for a 2 log reduction in virus titers at noncytotoxic concentrations and inactivated both viruses by structural destruction prior to viral entry.
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Pseudorabies Virus Variant in Bartha-K61–Vaccinated Pigs, China, 2012
Tong-Qing An,Jin-Mei Peng,Zhi-Jun Tian,Hong-yuan Zhao,Na Li,Yi-min Liu,Jiazeng Chen,Chaoliang Leng,Yan Sun,Dan Chang,Guangzhi Tong +10 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that Bartha-K61 vaccine does not provide effective protection against PRV HeN1 infection.
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Local Retinal Circuits of Melanopsin-Containing Ganglion Cells Identified by Transsynaptic Viral Tracing
Tim J. Viney,Kamill Balint,Daniel Hillier,Sandra Siegert,Zsolt Boldogkoi,Lynn W. Enquist,Markus Meister,Constance L. Cepko,Botond Roska +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that ipRGCs are connected by monostratified amacrine cells that provide strong inhibition from classical-photoreceptor-driven circuits, and evidence that dopaminergic interplexiform cells are synaptically connected to ipR GCs is shown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenic pseudorabies virus, China, 2012.
Xiuling Yu,Zhi Zhou,Dongmei Hu,Qian Zhang,Han Tao,Li Xiaoxia,Xiaoxue Gu,Yuan Lin,Shuo Zhang,Wang Baoyue,Ping Qu,Jinhua Liu,Xinyan Zhai,Kegong Tian +13 more
TL;DR: Evidence confirmed that the pathogenic pseudorabies virus was the etiologic agent of this epidemic of disease in pigs in China in 2012.
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