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mT5: A Massively Multilingual Pre-trained Text-to-Text Transformer

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TLDR
This paper proposed a multilingual variant of T5, mT5, which was pre-trained on a new Common Crawl-based dataset covering 101 languages and achieved state-of-the-art performance on many multilingual benchmarks.
Abstract
The recent “Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer” (T5) leveraged a unified text-to-text format and scale to attain state-of-the-art results on a wide variety of English-language NLP tasks. In this paper, we introduce mT5, a multilingual variant of T5 that was pre-trained on a new Common Crawl-based dataset covering 101 languages. We detail the design and modified training of mT5 and demonstrate its state-of-the-art performance on many multilingual benchmarks. We also describe a simple technique to prevent “accidental translation” in the zero-shot setting, where a generative model chooses to (partially) translate its prediction into the wrong language. All of the code and model checkpoints used in this work are publicly available.

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Taxonomy of Risks posed by Language Models

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MKQA: A Linguistically Diverse Benchmark for Multilingual Open Domain Question Answering

TL;DR: Multilingual Knowledge Questions and Answers is introduced, an open- domain question answering evaluation set comprising 10k question-answer pairs aligned across 26 typologically diverse languages, making results comparable across languages and independent of language-specific passages.
References
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Attention is All you Need

TL;DR: This paper proposed a simple network architecture based solely on an attention mechanism, dispensing with recurrence and convolutions entirely and achieved state-of-the-art performance on English-to-French translation.
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RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

TL;DR: It is found that BERT was significantly undertrained, and can match or exceed the performance of every model published after it, and the best model achieves state-of-the-art results on GLUE, RACE and SQuAD.
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SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text

TL;DR: The Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) as mentioned in this paper is a reading comprehension dataset consisting of 100,000+ questions posed by crowdworkers on a set of Wikipedia articles, where the answer to each question is a segment of text from the corresponding reading passage.
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Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale

TL;DR: It is shown that pretraining multilingual language models at scale leads to significant performance gains for a wide range of cross-lingual transfer tasks, and the possibility of multilingual modeling without sacrificing per-language performance is shown for the first time.
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Universal Language Model Fine-tuning for Text Classification

TL;DR: Universal Language Model Fine-tuning (ULMFiT) as mentioned in this paper is an effective transfer learning method that can be applied to any task in NLP, and introduces techniques that are key for finetuning a language model.
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