Multi-channel reliability and spectrum usage in real homes: empirical studies for home-area sensor networks
Mo Sha,Gregory Hackmann,Chenyang Lu +2 more
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TLDR
Two in-depth empirical studies on wireless channels in real homes, providing key design guidelines for meeting the QoS constraints of HAN applications, find that there is not always a persistently reliable channel over 24 hours, and that link reliability does not exhibit cyclic behavior at weekly timescales.Abstract:
Home area networks (HANs) consisting of wireless sensors have emerged as the enabling technology for important applications such as smart energy. These applications impose unique QoS constraints, requiring low data rates but high network reliability in the face of unpredictable wireless environments. This paper presents two in-depth empirical studies on wireless channels in real homes, providing key design guidelines for meeting the QoS constraints of HAN applications. The spectrum study analyzes spectrum usage in the 2.4 GHz band where HANs based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard must coexist with existing wireless devices. We characterize the ambient wireless environment in six apartments through passive spectrum analysis across the entire 2.4 GHz band over seven days in each apartment. We find that the wireless conditions in these residential environments are much more complex and varied than in a typical office environment. Moreover, while 802.11 signals play a significant role in spectrum usage, there also exists non-negligible noise from non-802.11 devices. The multichannel link study measures the reliability of different 802.15.4 channels through active probing with motes in ten apartments. We find that there is not always a persistently reliable channel over 24 hours, and that link reliability does not exhibit cyclic behavior at daily or weekly timescales. Nevertheless, reliability can be maintained through infrequent channel hopping, suggesting dynamic channel hopping as a key tool for meeting the QoS requirements of HAN applications. Our empirical studies provide important guidelines and insights in designing HANs for residential environments.read more
Citations
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SoNIC: classifying interference in 802.15.4 sensor networks
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TL;DR: SoNIC, a system that enables resource-limited sensor nodes to detect the type of interference they are exposed to and select an appropriate mitigation strategy, is presented and added to a mobile sink application to improve the application's packet reception ratio under interference.
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TL;DR: A classification of multichannel assignment protocols in WSNs is proposed, pointing out different channel selection policies, channel assignment categories and channel assignment methods.
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ARCH: Practical Channel Hopping for Reliable Home-Area Sensor Networks
TL;DR: The Adaptive and Robust Channel Hopping (ARCH) protocol is proposed: a lightweight receiver-oriented protocol which handles the dynamics of residential environments by reactively channel hopping when channel conditions have degraded.
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External Radio Interference
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TL;DR: This chapter gives an overview of the interference problem in low-power wireless sensor networks and provides a comprehensive survey on related literature, which covers experimentation, measurement, modelling, and mitigation of external radio interference.
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