Nematic-Isotropic Transition: Thermal Hysteresis and Magnetic Field Effects

TLDR: Using neutron scattering, the effect of an applied magnetic field on the nematic-isotropic transition temperature in para-azoxy-anisole (PAA) is studied and data indicate that in zero field the transition may be of second order.

Abstract: Using neutron scattering, we have studied the effect of an applied magnetic field on the nematic-isotropic transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ in para-azoxy-anisole (PAA). We have, for the first time, been able to measure a thermal hysteresis width, $({T}_{+}^{*}{\ensuremath{-}T}_{\ensuremath{-}}^{*}){/T}_{c}$, and find a value $3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for a field-aligned sample, much lower than any previous estimate, and decreasing to zero for weaker fields. Also ${T}_{c}$ decreases with the field, as does the step ${Q}_{c}$ in the order parameter. The data at the lowest fields indicate that in zero field the transition may be of second order, and we correlate this with an observed increase of the director fluctuations.