Journal ArticleDOI
Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memories
TLDR
It is shown that a substantial reduction in the number of newly generated neurons in the adult rat impairs hippocampal-dependent trace conditioning, a task in which an animal must associate stimuli that are separated in time.Abstract:
The vertebrate brain continues to produce new neurons throughout life. In the rat hippocampus, several thousand are produced each day, many of which die within weeks. Associative learning can enhance their survival; however, until now it was unknown whether new neurons are involved in memory formation. Here we show that a substantial reduction in the number of newly generated neurons in the adult rat impairs hippocampal-dependent trace conditioning, a task in which an animal must associate stimuli that are separated in time. A similar reduction did not affect learning when the same stimuli are not separated in time, a task that is hippocampal-independent. The reduction in neurogenesis did not induce death of mature hippocampal neurons or permanently alter neurophysiological properties of the CA1 region, such as long-term potentiation. Moreover, recovery of cell production was associated with the ability to acquire trace memories. These results indicate that newly generated neurons in the adult are not only affected by the formation of a hippocampal-dependent memory, but also participate in it.read more
Citations
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Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis.
TL;DR: The factors that regulate proliferation and fate determination of adult neural stem cells are discussed and the potential significance of adult neurogenesis in memory, depression, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease is addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: significant answers and significant questions.
Guo Li Ming,Hongjun Song +1 more
TL;DR: Major advances in understanding of adult mammalian neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and from the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammatory Blockade Restores Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
TL;DR: It is shown that neuroinflammation alone inhibits neurogenesis and that inflammatory blockade with indomethacin, a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, restores neuroGenesis after endotoxin-induced inflammation and augments neurogenescence after cranial irradiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Human Hippocampus and Spatial and Episodic Memory
TL;DR: A review of neuropsychological, behavioral, and neuroimaging studies of human hippocampal involvement in spatial memory concentrates on three important concepts in this field: spatial frameworks, dimensionality, and orientation and self-motion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise Enhances Learning and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Aged Mice
TL;DR: Voluntary exercise ameliorates some of the deleterious morphological and behavioral consequences of aging in mice that were sedentary until 19 months of age.
References
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Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus
Peter S. Eriksson,Ekaterina Perfilieva,Thomas Björk-Eriksson,Ann Marie Alborn,Claes Nordborg,Daniel A. Peterson,Fred H. Gage +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that new neurons, as defined by these markers, are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult humans, indicating that the human hippocampus retains its ability to generate neurons throughout life.
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Joseph Altman,Gopal D. Das +1 more
TL;DR: It is postulated that undifferentiated cells migrate postnatally from the forebrain ventricles to the hippocampus where they become differentiated, implicating that they may function as receptors of gonadal hormones.
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Guided Search 2.0 A revised model of visual search
Jeremy M. Wolfe,Jeremy M. Wolfe +1 more
TL;DR: This paper reviews the visual search literature and presents a model of human search behavior, a revision of the guided search 2.0 model in which virtually all aspects of the model have been made more explicit and/or revised in light of new data.