Book ChapterDOI
Nicotinic receptors, memory, and hippocampus.
TLDR
It is suggested that while acute nicotine generally acts as a cognitive enhancer for hippocampus-dependent learning, withdrawal from chronic nicotine results in deficits in hippocampus- dependent memory.Abstract:
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulate the neurobiological processes underlying hippocampal learning and memory. In addition, nicotine’s ability to desensitize and upregulate certain nAChRs may alter hippocampus-dependent memory processes. Numerous studies have examined the effects of nicotine on hippocampus-dependent learning, as well as the roles of low- and high-affinity nAChRs in mediating nicotine’s effects on hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. These studies suggested that while acute nicotine generally acts as a cognitive enhancer for hippocampus-dependent learning, withdrawal from chronic nicotine results in deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory. Furthermore, these studies demonstrated that low- and high-affinity nAChRs functionally differ in their involvement in nicotine’s effects on hippocampus-dependent learning. In the present chapter, we reviewed studies using systemic or local injections of acute or chronic nicotine, nAChR subunit agonists or antagonists; genetically modified mice; and molecular biological techniques to characterize the effects of nicotine on hippocampus-dependent learning.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive Effects of Nicotine: Recent Progress
TL;DR: Because poor cognitive performance at baseline predicts relapse among smokers who are attempting to quit smoking, studies examining the potential efficacy of cognitive-enhancement as strategy for the treatment of TUD may lead to the development of more efficacious interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nicotine modulation of fear memories and anxiety: Implications for learning and anxiety disorders
TL;DR: Overall, the studies reviewed here suggest that nicotine alters behaviors related to fear and anxiety and that nicotine contributes to the development, maintenance, and reoccurrence of anxiety disorders.
Book ChapterDOI
Nicotine and Nicotinic Receptor Drugs: Potential for Parkinson's Disease and Drug-Induced Movement Disorders.
TL;DR: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, as well as nonmotor symptoms including autonomic impairments, olfactory dysfunction, sleep disturbances, depression, and dementia as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment Is Alleviated by Xanthotoxin: Role of Acetylcholinesterase and Oxidative Stress Processes.
TL;DR: Xanthotoxin was isolated from fruits of Pastinaca sativa L. by mean of high-performance countercurrent chromatography and its effects on the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in male Swiss mice using the passive avoidance test showed neuroprotective effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Attenuation in rats of impairments of memory by scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, by mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist
Lori A. Newman,Paul E. Gold +1 more
TL;DR: These findings indicate that a nicotinic antagonist can attenuate impairments in memory produced by a muscarinic antagonist, either to decrease scopolamine-induced increases in acetylcholine output or to decrease postsynaptic acetylCholine receptor activation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
TL;DR: The best understood form of long-term potentiation is induced by the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complex, which allows electrical events at the postsynaptic membrane to be transduced into chemical signals which, in turn, are thought to activate both pre- and post Synaptic mechanisms to generate a persistent increase in synaptic strength.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5
TL;DR: This article showed that chronic intraventricular infusion of D,L-AP5 causes a selective impairment of place learning, which is highly sensitive to hippocampal damage, without affecting visual discrimination learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Are the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus Functionally Distinct Structures
TL;DR: Behavior, anatomical, and gene expression studies that together support a functional segmentation into three hippocampal compartments are reviewed, finding gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus correlates with cortical regions involved in information processing, while genes expressed in the ventral hippocampus correlate with regions involved with emotion and stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Essential Role of Hippocampal CA1 NMDA Receptor–Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in Spatial Memory
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that activity-dependent modifications of CA1 synapses, mediated by NMDA receptors, play an essential role in the acquisition of spatial memories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Context and Behavioral Processes in Extinction.
TL;DR: Evidence that extinction does not destroy the original learning, but instead generates new learning that is especially context-dependent is reviewed, consistent with behavioral models that emphasize the role of generalization decrement and expectation violation.