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On the Distribution of the Sum of Double-Nakagami-m Random Vectors and Application in Randomly Reconfigurable Surfaces
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In this paper, the authors presented closed-form expressions for the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, the moments, and the characteristic function of the distribution of the sum of double-Nakagami-m random vectors, whose amplitudes follow the double NAKAGAMI-m distribution.Abstract:
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) intend to improve significantly the performance of future wireless networks, by controlling the wireless propagation medium through elements that can shift the phase of the reflected signals. Although ideally the signals reflected from a RIS are added coherently at the receiver, this is very challenging in practice due to the requirement for perfect channel state information (CSI) at the RIS and phase control. To facilitate the performance analysis of more practical RIS-assisted systems, first, we present novel closed-form expressions for the probability density function, the cumulative distribution function, the moments, and the characteristic function of the distribution of the sum of double-Nakagami-m random vectors, whose amplitudes follow the double-Nakagami-m distribution, i.e., the distribution of the product of two random variables following the Nakagami-m distribution, and phases are circular uniformly distributed. We also consider a special case of this distribution, namely the distribution of the sum of Rayleigh-Nakagami-m random vectors. Then, we exploit these expressions to investigate the performance of the RIS-assisted composite channel, assuming that the two links undergo Nakagami-m fading and the equivalent phase follows the uniform distribution, which corresponds to the case where CSI is not available at the RIS and leads to a lower bound of the performance of a system with CSI. Closed-form expressions for the outage probability, the average received signal-to-noise ratio, the ergodic capacity, the bit error probability, the amount of fading, and the channel quality estimation index are provided to evaluate the performance of the considered system. These metrics are also derived for the practical special case where one of the two links undergoes Rayleigh fading.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces With Outdated Channel State Information: Centralized vs. Distributed Deployments
TL;DR: This analysis unveils that an increase of the transmit power, the Rician- $K$ factor, the accuracy of the channel state information and the number of reflecting elements help improve the system performance and proves that the centralized RIS-aided deployment may achieve a higher ergodic capacity than the distributed deployment when the RIS is located near the base station or near the user.
Journal ArticleDOI
Performance Analysis of Cascaded Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Networks
Dimitrios Tyrovolas,Sotiris A. Tegos,Emmanouela C. Dimitriadou-Panidou,Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis,Christos Liaskos,George K. Karagiannidis +5 more
TL;DR: Assuming that multiple RIS are deployed in the propagation environment, the performance of a cascaded RIS network affected by imperfect phase estimation is evaluated and it is shown that by choosing the number of the participating RIS correctly, a cascading RIS network can outperform a single RIS-aided system and extend the network’s coverage efficiently.
Journal ArticleDOI
Performance Analysis of Cascaded Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Networks
TL;DR: In this paper , the performance of a cascaded RIS network affected by imperfect phase estimation is evaluated and closed-form expressions for the outage probability, the ergodic capacity and the average symbol error probability are derived to evaluate the coverage of the proposed network, as well as the average capacity and data transmission accuracy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ambient Backscatter Assisted Co-Existence in Aerial-IRS Wireless Networks
TL;DR: A novel system design is proposed that enables the co-existence of a backscatter secondary system with the legacy primary system in IRS-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks and comprehensively analyzes the performance of the proposed design framework with co-existing systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy-Aware Design of UAV-Mounted RIS Networks for IoT Data Collection
Dimitrios Tyrovolas,Prodromos-Vasileios Mekikis,Sotiris A. Tegos,Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis,Christos Liaskos,George K. Karagiannidis +5 more
TL;DR: This paper proposes the utilization of a UAV-mounted RIS for data collection and study the coverage probability in massive Internet of Things networks and proposes a novel medium access control protocol based on slotted ALOHA and Code Combining to handle the communication of multiple sensors.
References
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TL;DR: Combinations involving trigonometric and hyperbolic functions and power 5 Indefinite Integrals of Special Functions 6 Definite Integral Integral Functions 7.Associated Legendre Functions 8 Special Functions 9 Hypergeometric Functions 10 Vector Field Theory 11 Algebraic Inequalities 12 Integral Inequality 13 Matrices and related results 14 Determinants 15 Norms 16 Ordinary differential equations 17 Fourier, Laplace, and Mellin Transforms 18 The z-transform
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Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enhanced Wireless Network via Joint Active and Passive Beamforming
Qingqing Wu,Rui Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: Simulation results demonstrate that an IRS-aided single-cell wireless system can achieve the same rate performance as a benchmark massive MIMO system without using IRS, but with significantly reduced active antennas/RF chains.
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Wireless Communications Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Ertugrul Basar,Marco Di Renzo,Julien de Rosny,Merouane Debbah,Mohamed-Slim Alouini,Rui Zhang +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a detailed overview and historical perspective on state-of-the-art solutions, and elaborate on the fundamental differences with other technologies, the most important open research issues to tackle, and the reasons why the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces necessitates to rethink the communication-theoretic models currently employed in wireless networks.
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Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable AI meta-surfaces: an idea whose time has come
Marco Di Renzo,Merouane Debbah,Dinh-Thuy Phan-Huy,Alessio Zappone,Mohamed-Slim Alouini,Chau Yuen,Vincenzo Sciancalepore,George C. Alexandropoulos,Jakob Hoydis,Haris Gacanin,Julien de Rosny,Ahcène Bounceur,Geoffroy Lerosey,Mathias Fink +13 more
TL;DR: This paper overviews the current research efforts on smart radio environments, the enabling technologies to realize them in practice, the need of new communication-theoretic models for their analysis and design, and the long-term and open research issues to be solved towards their massive deployment.
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