On the initialization of the DNMF algorithm
Ioan Buciu,Nikos Nikolaidis,Ioannis Pitas +2 more
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TLDR
A way to significantly improve the speed of the algorithm convergence by constructing initial basis images that meet the sparseness and orthogonality requirements and approximate the final minimization solution is provided.Abstract:
A subspace supervised learning algorithm named discriminant non-negative matrix factorization (DNMF) has been recently proposed for classifying human facial expressions. It decomposes images into a set of basis images and corresponding coefficients. Usually, the algorithm starts with random basis image and coefficient initialization. Then, at each iteration, both basis images and coefficients are updated to minimize the underlying cost function. The algorithm may need several thousands of iterations to obtain cost function minimization. We provide a way to significantly improve the speed of the algorithm convergence by constructing initial basis images that meet the sparseness and orthogonality requirements and approximate the final minimization solution. To experimentally evaluate the new approach, we have applied DNMF using the random and the proposed initialization procedure to recognize six basic facial expressions. While fewer iteration steps are needed with the proposed initialization, the recognition accuracy remains within satisfactory levels.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Novel Discriminant Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Algorithm With Applications to Facial Image Characterization Problems
TL;DR: A novel DNMF method that uses projected gradients is presented that employs some extra modifications that make the method more suitable for classification tasks.
Non-negative Matrix Factorization, A New Tool for Feature Extraction: Theory and Applications
TL;DR: The underlaying mathematical NMF theory is described along with some extensions and several relevant applications from different scientific areas are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subtractive clustering for seeding non-negative matrix factorizations
TL;DR: The adoption of the subtractive clustering algorithm is proposed as a scheme to generate initial matrices for non-negative matrix factorization algorithms and the proposed scheme reveals to be a good trade-off between effectiveness and speed.
Book ChapterDOI
Discriminant Non-negative Matrix Factorization and Projected Gradients for Frontal Face Verification
TL;DR: A novel Discriminant Non-negative Matrix Factorization (DNMF) method that uses projected gradients that guarantees the algorithm's convergence to a stationary point, contrary to the methods introduced so far, that only ensure the non-increasing behavior of the algorithms' cost function.
Non-negative Matrix Factorization, A New Tool for Feature Extraction: Theory and Applications Workshop invited key lecture
TL;DR: The underlaying mathematical NMF theory is described along with some extensions and several relevant applications from different scientific areas are presented.
References
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Learning parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization
TL;DR: In this article, non-negative matrix factorization is used to learn parts of faces and semantic features of text, which is in contrast to principal components analysis and vector quantization that learn holistic, not parts-based, representations.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis
TL;DR: The problem space for facial expression analysis is described, which includes level of description, transitions among expressions, eliciting conditions, reliability and validity of training and test data, individual differences in subjects, head orientation and scene complexity image characteristics, and relation to non-verbal behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-negative Matrix Factorization with Sparseness Constraints
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of sparseness is incorporated into NMF to improve the found decompositions, and the authors provide complete MATLAB code both for standard NMF and for their extension.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Learning spatially localized, parts-based representation
TL;DR: A novel method, called local non-negative matrix factorization (LNMF), for learning spatially localized, parts-based subspace representation of visual patterns, which gives a set of bases which not only allows a non-subtractive representation of images but also manifests localized features.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A new sparse image representation algorithm applied to facial expression recognition
I. Bociu,Ioannis Pitas +1 more
TL;DR: This paper found that the newly proposed algorithm discriminant non-negative matrix factorization (DNMF) shows superior performance by achieving a higher recognition rate, when compared to NMF and LNMF.