Journal ArticleDOI
Outbreak of human monkeypox in Nigeria in 2017-18: a clinical and epidemiological report.
Adesola Yinka-Ogunleye,Olusola Aruna,Mahmood Dalhat,Dimie Ogoina,Andrea M. McCollum,Yahyah Disu,Ibrahim Mamadu,Afolabi Akinpelu,Adama Ahmad,Joel Burga,Adolphe Ndoreraho,Edouard Nkunzimana,Lamin Manneh,Amina Mohammed,Olawunmi Adeoye,Daniel Tom-Aba,Bernard C. Silenou,Oladipupo Ipadeola,Muhammad H A Saleh,Ayodele Adeyemo,Ifeoma Nwadiutor,Neni Aworabhi,Patience Uke,Doris John,Paul Wakama,Mary G. Reynolds,Matthew R. Mauldin,Jeffrey B. Doty,Kimberly Wilkins,Joy Musa,Asheena Khalakdina,Adebayo Adedeji,Nwando,Olubunmi Ojo,Gérard Krause,Chikwe Ihekweazu,Anna Mandra,Whitni Davidson,Victoria A. Olson,Yu Li,Kay Radford,Hui Zhao,Michael B. Townsend,Jillybeth Burgado,Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar +44 more
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TLDR
The results suggest endemicity of monkeypox virus in Nigeria, with some evidence of human-to-human transmission, and further studies are necessary to explore animal reservoirs and risk factors for transmission of the virus.Abstract:
Summary Background In September, 2017, human monkeypox re-emerged in Nigeria, 39 years after the last reported case. We aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of the 2017–18 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria. Methods We reviewed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cases of human monkeypox that occurred between Sept 22, 2017, and Sept 16, 2018. Data were collected with a standardised case investigation form, with a case definition of human monkeypox that was based on previously established guidelines. Diagnosis was confirmed by viral identification with real-time PCR and by detection of positive anti-orthopoxvirus IgM antibodies. Whole-genome sequencing was done for seven cases. Haplotype analysis results, genetic distance data, and epidemiological data were used to infer a likely series of events for potential human-to-human transmission of the west African clade of monkeypox virus. Findings 122 confirmed or probable cases of human monkeypox were recorded in 17 states, including seven deaths (case fatality rate 6%). People infected with monkeypox virus were aged between 2 days and 50 years (median 29 years [IQR 14]), and 84 (69%) were male. All 122 patients had vesiculopustular rash, and fever, pruritus, headache, and lymphadenopathy were also common. The rash affected all parts of the body, with the face being most affected. The distribution of cases and contacts suggested both primary zoonotic and secondary human-to-human transmission. Two cases of health-care-associated infection were recorded. Genomic analysis suggested multiple introductions of the virus and a single introduction along with human-to-human transmission in a prison facility. Interpretation This study describes the largest documented human outbreak of the west African clade of the monkeypox virus. Our results suggest endemicity of monkeypox virus in Nigeria, with some evidence of human-to-human transmission. Further studies are necessary to explore animal reservoirs and risk factors for transmission of the virus in Nigeria. Funding None.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries — April–June 2022
TL;DR: The monkeypox virus infection in humans was seldom reported outside African regions where it is endemic as mentioned in this paper , and currently cases are occurring worldwide, but transmission, risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes of infection are poorly defined.
Journal ArticleDOI
The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox—A potential threat? A systematic review
TL;DR: A systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on how monkeypox epidemiology has evolved, with particular emphasis on the number of confirmed, probable, and/or possible cases, age at presentation, mortality, and geographical spread was conducted in this article .
Journal ArticleDOI
Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries - April-June 2022.
John Thornhill,Sapha Barkati,Sharon Walmsley,Juergen K. Rockstroh,Andrea Antinori,Luke B Harrison,Romain Palich,Achyuta V Nori,I. Reeves,Maximillian S. Habibi,Vanessa Apea,Christoph Boesecke,Linos Vandekerckhove,M. V. Yakubovsky,Elena Sendagorta,José L. Blanco,Eric Florence,Davide Moschese,Fernando Maltez,Abraham Goorhuis,Valérie Pourcher,Pascal Migaud,Sebastian Noe,Claire Pintado,Fabrizio Maggi,Ann-Brit Eg Hansen,Christian Hoffmann,Jezer I Lezama,Cristina Mussini,Anna Maria Cattelan,Keletso Makofane,Darrell H. S. Tan,Silvia Nozza,J. Nemeth,Marina B Klein,Chloe Orkin +35 more
TL;DR: The simultaneous identification of cases outside areas where monkeypox has traditionally been endemic highlights the need for rapid identification and diagnosis of cases to contain further community spread.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK
Yi Wang,V. V. Kuryliak +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report the clinical features, longitudinal virological findings, and response to off-label antivirals in seven patients with monkeypox who were diagnosed in the UK between 2018 and 2021, identified through retrospective case-note review.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK
Hugh Adler,Susan M Gould,Paul Hine,Luke B Snell,Waison Wong,Catherine F Houlihan,Jane Osborne,Tommy Rampling,Mike B.J. Beadsworth,Christopher J A Duncan,Jake Dunning,Tom Fletcher,Ewan Hunter,Michael R. Jacobs,Saye Khoo,William Newsholme,David Porter,R Jefferson Porter,L. Ratcliffe,Matthias Schmid,Malcolm G Semple,Anne Tunbridge,Tom Wingfield,Nicholas Price,Michael Abouyannis,Asma Al-Balushi,Stephen Aston,Robert Ball,Nicholas J. Beeching,Tom Blanchard,Ffion Carlin,Geraint Davies,Angela Gillespie,Scott Rory Hicks,Marie-Claire Hoyle,C. Ilozue,L. Mair,Suzanne Marshall,Ann Neary,Emmanuel Nsutebu,Samantha Parker,Hannah Ryan,Lance Turtle,Christie A. Smith,Jon Jurriaan van Aartsen,N. Walker,Stephen D. Woolley,A. Chawla,Ian J Hart,Anna Smielewska,Elizabeth Joekes,Cathryn Benson,Cheryl Brindley,Urmi Das,Chin Kien Eyton-Chong,Claire Gnanalingham,Claire Halfhide,Beatriz Larru,Sarah Mayell,Joanna McBride,Claire Oliver,Princy Gupta and Satya Paul,Andrew Riordan,L. S. Sridhar,Megan Storey,Audrey Abdul,Jennifer Abrahamsen,Breda Athan,Sanjay Bhagani,Colin S Brown,Oliver L. Carpenter,Ian Cropley,Kerrie Frost,Susan Hopkins,Jessie Briggs Joyce,Lucy E Lamb,Adrian Lyons,Tabitha Mahungu,Stephen Mepham,Edina Mukwaira,Alison Rodger,Caroline Taylor,Simon Warren,Alan Williams,Debbie Levitt,D.O. Allen,Jill Dixon,Adam Evans,Paul McNicholas,Brendan A I Payne,David Price,Ulrich Schwab,Allison Sykes,Yusri Taha,Margaret May Ward,Marieke Emonts,Stephen Owens,A Botgros,Sam Douthwaite,Anna Goodman,Akish Luintel,Eithne MacMahon,G. Nebbia,Geraldine O’Hara,Joseph Parsons,Ashwin Sen,Daniel R Stevenson,Tadgh Sullivan,Usman Taj,Claire van Nipsen tot Pannerden,Helen Winslow,Ewa Zatyka,Ekene Alozie-Otuka,C. Beviz,Yusupha Ceesay,Latchmin Gargee,M. Kabia,H. Mitchell,Shona Perkins,Mingaile Sasson,Kamal Sehmbey,Federico Tabios,Neil Wigglesworth,Emma Aarons,Tim Brooks,Matthew Dryden,Jenna Furneaux,Barry C. Gibney,Jennifer L. Small,Elizabeth C Truelove,Clare Warrell,Richard W. Firth,Gemma Louise Hobson,Christopher Johnson,A. Dewynter,S.G. Nixon,Oliver Spence,Joachim Jakob Bugert,Dennis E. Hruby +138 more
TL;DR: The longitudinal clinical course of monkeypox in a high-income setting, coupled with viral dynamics, and any adverse events related to novel antiviral therapies are described, to highlight the urgent need for prospective studies of antivirals for this disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The detection of monkeypox in humans in the Western Hemisphere.
Kurt D. Reed,John W. Melski,Mary Beth Graham,Russell L. Regnery,Mark J. Sotir,Mark V. Wegner,James J. Kazmierczak,Erik J. Stratman,Yu Li,Janet A. Fairley,Geoffrey R. Swain,Victoria A. Olson,Elizabeth K. Sargent,Sue C. Kehl,Michael Frace,Richard Kline,Seth Foldy,Jeffrey P. Davis,Inger K. Damon +18 more
TL;DR: This investigation documents the isolation and identification of monkeypox virus from humans in the Western Hemisphere and suggests that the prairie dogs had been exposed to at least one species of rodent recently imported into the United States from West Africa.
Journal ArticleDOI
Major increase in human monkeypox incidence 30 years after smallpox vaccination campaigns cease in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Anne W. Rimoin,Prime Mulembakani,Sara C. Johnston,James L. Smith,Neville K. Kisalu,Timothee L. Kinkela,Seth Blumberg,Henri A. Thomassen,Brian L. Pike,Joseph N. Fair,Nathan D. Wolfe,Robert L. Shongo,Barney S. Graham,Pierre Formenty,Emile Okitolonda,Lisa E. Hensley,Hermann Meyer,Linda L. Wright,Jean-Jacques Muyembe +18 more
TL;DR: Improved surveillance and epidemiological analysis is needed to better assess the public health burden and develop strategies for reducing the risk of wider spread of infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses.
Anna Likos,Scott Sammons,Victoria A. Olson,A. Michael Frace,Yu Li,Melissa Olsen-Rasmussen,Whitni Davidson,Renee L. Galloway,Marina L. Khristova,Mary G. Reynolds,Hui Zhao,Darin S. Carroll,Aaron T. Curns,Pierre Formenty,Joseph J. Esposito,Russell L. Regnery,Inger K. Damon +16 more
TL;DR: Analysis of clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of confirmed human monkeypox case-patients, using data from outbreaks in the USA and the Congo Basin, and the results suggested that human disease pathogenicity was associated with the viral strain.
Journal Article
A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
I. D. Ladnyj,P. Ziegler,E. Kima +2 more
TL;DR: Clinical and epidemiological information on a patient with smallpox-like disease, from whom a monkeypox- like virus was isolated, is presented, which was the first recognized human monkeypox case in medical history.
Journal ArticleDOI
Outbreak of human monkeypox, Democratic Republic of Congo, 1996 to 1997.
Yvan Hutin,R. J. Williams,P Malfait,Richard Pebody,Vladimir N. Loparev,S. L. Ropp,Marisela R. Rodriguez,Janice C. Knight,F. K. Tshioko,Ali S. Khan,M. Szczeniowski,Joseph J. Esposito +11 more
TL;DR: Human monkeypox is a zoonotic smallpox-like disease caused by an orthopoxvirus of interhuman transmissibility too low to sustain spread in susceptible populations, leading to an increase in the proportion of susceptible people.
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