Perisylvian language networks of the human brain.
TLDR
The anatomical findings are relevant to the evolution of language, provide a framework for Lichtheim's symptom‐based neurological model of aphasia, and constrain, anatomically, contemporary connectionist accounts of language.Abstract:
Early anatomically based models of language consisted of an arcuate tract connecting Broca's speech and Wernicke's comprehension centers; a lesion of the tract resulted in conduction aphasia. However, the heterogeneous clinical presentations of conduction aphasia suggest a greater complexity of perisylvian anatomical connections than allowed for in the classical anatomical model. This article re-explores perisylvian language connectivity using in vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging tractography. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data from 11 right-handed healthy male subjects were averaged, and the arcuate fasciculus of the left hemisphere reconstructed from this data using an interactive dissection technique. Beyond the classical arcuate pathway connecting Broca's and Wernicke's areas directly, we show a previously undescribed, indirect pathway passing through inferior parietal cortex. The indirect pathway runs parallel and lateral to the classical arcuate fasciculus and is composed of an anterior segment connecting Broca's territory with the inferior parietal lobe and a posterior segment connecting the inferior parietal lobe to Wernicke's territory. This model of two parallel pathways helps explain the diverse clinical presentations of conduction aphasia. The anatomical findings are also relevant to the evolution of language, provide a framework for Lichtheim's symptom-based neurological model of aphasia, and constrain, anatomically, contemporary connectionist accounts of language. Ann Neurol 2005read more
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Meta-analyzing left hemisphere language areas: Phonology, semantics, and sentence processing
Mathieu Vigneau,Virginie Beaucousin,Pierre-Yves Hervé,Hugues Duffau,Fabrice Crivello,Olivier Houdé,Bernard Mazoyer,Bernard Mazoyer,Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer +8 more
TL;DR: A large-scale meta-analysis of language literature sheds light on the fine-scale functional architecture of the inferior frontal gyrus for phonological and semantic processing, the evidence for an elementary audio-motor loop involved in both comprehension and production of syllables, and the hypothesis that different working memory perception-actions loops are identifiable for the different language components.
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A diffusion tensor imaging tractography atlas for virtual in vivo dissections.
TL;DR: A template to guide the delineation of ROIs for the reconstruction of the association, projection and commissural pathways of the living human brain is provided.
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Ventral and dorsal pathways for language
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TL;DR: The function of the dorsal route, traditionally considered to be the major language pathway, is mainly restricted to sensory-motor mapping ofsound to articulation, whereas linguistic processing of sound to meaning requires temporofrontal interaction transmitted via the ventral route.
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The Brain Basis of Language Processing: From Structure to Function
TL;DR: Networks involving the temporal cortex and the inferior frontal cortex with a clear left lateralization were shown to support syntactic processes, whereas less lateralized temporo-frontal networks subserve semantic processes.
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The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction
Marco Iacoboni,Mirella Dapretto +1 more
TL;DR: The neurophysiology of the mirror neuron system and its role in social cognition is reviewed and the clinical implications of mirror neuron dysfunction are discussed.
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