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Journal ArticleDOI

Phase annealing in SHELX-90: direct methods for larger structures

George M. Sheldrick
- 01 Jun 1990 - 
- Vol. 46, Iss: 6, pp 467-473
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TLDR
In this article, a phase annealing method, related to the simulated-annealing approach in other optimization problems, is proposed and it is shown that it can result in an improvement of up to an order of magnitude in the chances of solving large structures at atomic resolution.
Abstract
A number of extensions to the multisolution approach to the crystallographic phase problem are discussed in which the negative quartet relations play an important role. A phase annealing method, related to the simulated annealing approach in other optimization problems, is proposed and it is shown that it can result in an improvement of up to an order of magnitude in the chances of solving large structures at atomic resolution. The ideas presented here are incorporated in the program system SHELX-90; the philosophical and mathematical background to the direct-methods part (SHELXS) of this system is described.

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Citations
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Arylethynyl derivatives of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene photo/thermoswitch: tuning the switching event.

TL;DR: An interesting byproduct in a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction involving a nitrophenyl group was discovered, namely a diaryl azoxy compound, which was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Metal-Organic Architectures Assembled from Multifunctional Polycarboxylates: Hydrothermal Self-Assembly, Structures, and Catalytic Activity in Alkane Oxidation.

TL;DR: These copper(II) derivatives efficiently catalyze the oxidation of cycloalkanes with hydrogen peroxide under mild conditions and opening up their use as multicarboxylate ligands toward the design of copper-organic architectures.
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New hypervalent iodine reagents for electrophilic trifluoromethylation and their precursors: synthesis, structure, and reactivity

TL;DR: Several new five and a six-membered heterocyclic monochloroiodanes, including two cationic species, were synthesized in this paper, three of which were used for the preparation of corresponding trifluoromethylation reagents.
Journal ArticleDOI

Unsymmetrically Substituted 9,10-Dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracenes as Versatile Building Blocks for Boron-Doped π-Conjugated Systems

TL;DR: The targeted hydrolysis of the 9,10-dihydro-9, 10-diboraanthracene adduct with 0.5 equiv of H(2)O leads to formation of the borinic acid anhydride, which provides access to the field of unsymmetrically substituted 9,000-diluted diboraAnthracenes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hybrid open-framework iron phosphate--oxalates demonstrating a dual role of the oxalate unit

TL;DR: The formation of two types of inorganic layers in I and II consisting of four-, six-, and eight-membered rings, indicates the interconversions between the various rings in the phosphate--oxalates to be facile.
References
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Book

Crystallographic Computing 3: Data Collection, Structure Determination, Proteins and Databases

TL;DR: The latest in a series on crystallographic computing, this collection of 33 papers covers the full spectrum of computer applications in crystallography, including the use of micro-, mini-, and mainframe computers.