Journal ArticleDOI
Platelet monoamine oxidase B: Use and misuse
TLDR
The oxidation of the anticonvulsant, milacemide, to glycine in vitro and in vivo by MAO-B, may herald new prospects for the development of inert prodrugs capable of being metabolized to neuroactive substances by MAo-B.Abstract:
The human platelet in addition to having serotonin (5-HT) receptors, uptake carriers (receptor) and transmitter storage vesicles, primarily possesses mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B. Similar to the major form of MAO in the human brain, this enzyme actively oxidizes A-B and B substrates (tyramine, dopamine, phenylethylamine) as well as the novel secondary amine anticonvulsant, milacemide and dopaminergic neurotoxin, MPTP. 5-HT oxidation is hardly affected by the platelet enzyme and MAO inhibitors have no net effect on its accumulation. MAO-B is selectively inhibited by 1-deprenyl and thus the platelet enzyme may be useful to monitor the anti-Parkinson activity of such drugs, as related to their ability to inhibit brain MAO-B. The oxidation of the anticonvulsant, milacemide, to glycine in vitro and in vivo by MAO-B, may herald new prospects for the development of inert prodrugs capable of being metabolized to neuroactive substances by MAO-B. The plasma levels of their metabolites may be an index of MAO-B activity found in the platelet and brain.read more
Citations
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Tranylcypromine versus imipramine in anergic bipolar depression.
TL;DR: These findings provide further documentation of the utility of MAOIs in patients presenting with anergia, motor retardation, hyperphagia, and/or hypersomnia and propose that the apparently superior efficacy of tranylcypromine in bipolar depression is specifically linked to anergIA and reversed neurovegetative symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory mechanisms involved in alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
I. Nevo,Michel Hamon +1 more
TL;DR: This review examines the studies which have attempted to elucidate the roles of these neurotransmitter systems in the mechanisms involved in the various aspects of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, with an emphasis on recent developments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comprehensive Review of Rasagiline, a Second-Generation Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
TL;DR: Rasagiline was effective both as monotherapy in early PD and as adjunctive treatment in patients with advancing PD and motor fluctuations and has the potential to augment the vasopressor effects of diet-derived tyramine (ie, the "cheese reaction").
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical Pharmacology of Rasagiline: A Novel, Second-Generation Propargylamine for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease
TL;DR: Rasagiline is a novel second‐generation propargylamine that irreversibly and selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase type B (MAO‐B) and offers the promise of clinically relevant neuroprotection.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Some observations upon a new inhibitor of monoamine oxidase in brain tissue.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that in the enzyme prepared, the MAO is a binary system of enzymes each of which has a detectably different sensitivity to this particular inhibitor, is put forward and evidence after dialysis supports this hypothesis.
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Protection against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine by monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
TL;DR: It is reported that pargyline, nialamide and tranylcypromine, which inhibit both MAO-A andMAO-B, when administered to mice before MPTP, protect against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
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Intraneuronal generation of a pyridinium metabolite may cause drug-induced parkinsonism.
TL;DR: It is reported here that MPTP is oxidized in the brain to a pyridinium species (a compound with potent herbicidal activity) and, in the monkey, is trapped intraneuronally and demonstrated that this enzymatic oxidation is blocked in vivo in the mouse by a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, indicating that the oxidative metabolism is required for its neurotoxic effect.