Journal ArticleDOI
Platelets, inflammation and tissue regeneration
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TLDR
They are major players in atherosclerosis and related diseases, pathologies of the central nervous system (Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis), cancer and tumour growth, and participate in other tissue-related acquired pathologies such as skin diseases and allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease; while, paradoxically, autologous platelet-rich plasma and platelet releasate are being used as an aid to promote tissue repair and cellular growth.Abstract:
Blood platelets have long been recognised to bring about primary haemostasis with deficiencies in platelet production and function manifesting in bleeding while upregulated function favourises arterial thrombosis. Yet increasing evidence indicates that platelets fulfil a much wider role in health and disease. First, they store and release a wide range of biologically active substances including the panoply of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines released from a-granules. Membrane budding gives rise to microparticles (MPs), another active participant within the blood stream. Platelets are essential for the innate immune response and combat infection (viruses, bacteria, micro-organisms). They help maintain and modulate inflammation and are a major source of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g. P-selectin, tissue factor, CD40L, metalloproteinases). As well as promoting coagulation, they are active in fibrinolysis; wound healing, angiogenesis and bone formation as well as in maternal tissue and foetal vascular remodelling. Activated platelets and MPs intervene in the propagation of major diseases. They are major players in atherosclerosis and related diseases, pathologies of the central nervous system (Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis), cancer and tumour growth. They participate in other tissue-related acquired pathologies such as skin diseases and allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease; while, paradoxically, autologous platelet-rich plasma and platelet releasate are being used as an aid to promote tissue repair and cellular growth. The above mentioned roles of platelets are now discussed.read more
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Saccular intracranial aneurysm: pathology and mechanisms
Juhana Frösen,Riikka Tulamo,Anders Paetau,Elisa Laaksamo,Miikka Korja,Aki Laakso,Mika Niemelä,Juha Hernesniemi +7 more
TL;DR: The aberrant flow conditions caused by sIA geometry are the likely cause of the endothelial dysfunction, which results in accumulation of cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory substances into the sIA wall, as well as thrombus formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Platelet-rich plasma for managing pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis
Isabel Andia,Nicola Maffulli +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding PRP in molecular terms could help to exploit its therapeutic potential, and aid the development of novel treatments and tissue-engineering approaches, for the different stages of joint degeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shared and distinct mechanisms of fibrosis
Jörg H W Distler,Andrea-Hermina Györfi,Meera Ramanujam,Michael L. Whitfield,Melanie Königshoff,Melanie Königshoff,Robert Lafyatis +6 more
TL;DR: A number of core pathways and mechanisms of fibrosis, outlined in this Review, are shared across different tissues and might therefore present targets for general antifibrotic strategies and might enable the development of general antIFIBrotic compounds that are effective across different disease entities and organs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Platelets as Cellular Effectors of Inflammation in Vascular Diseases
TL;DR: Recently identified inflammatory and immune activities provide insights into the biology of these versatile blood cells that are directly relevant to human vascular diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Platelet-derived HMGB1 is a critical mediator of thrombosis.
Sebastian Vogel,Sebastian Vogel,Rebecca Bodenstein,Qiwei Chen,Susanne Feil,Robert Feil,Johannes Rheinlaender,Tilman E. Schäffer,Erwin Bohn,Julia-Stefanie Frick,Oliver Borst,Patrick Münzer,Britta Walker,Justin Markel,Gabor Csanyi,Patrick J. Pagano,Patricia Loughran,Morgan Jessup,Simon C. Watkins,Grant C. Bullock,Jason L. Sperry,Brian S. Zuckerbraun,Timothy R. Billiar,Michael T. Lotze,Meinrad Gawaz,Matthew D. Neal +25 more
TL;DR: Platelet-derived HMGB1 is established as an important mediator of thrombosis and a HMGB 1-driven link between MyD88 and GC/cGKI in platelets is identified and suggested a potential therapeutic target for patients sustaining trauma and other inflammatory disorders associated with abnormal coagulation.
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