Open Access
Poleward expansion of mangroves is a threshold response to decreased frequency of extreme cold events
Kyle C. Cavanaugh,Kyle C. Cavanaugh,James R. Kellner,Alexander J. Forde,Daniel S. Gruner,John D. Parker,Wilfred Rodriguez,Ilka C. Feller +7 more
- Vol. 2013
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors used 28 y of satellite imagery to demonstrate that the area of mangrove forests has doubled at the northern end of their historic range on the east coast of Florida and this expansion is associated with a reduction in the frequency of extreme cold events (days colder than −4 °C), but uncorrelated with changes in mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and land use.Abstract:
Regional warming associated with climate change is linked with altered range and abundance of species and ecosystems worldwide. However, the ecological impacts of changes in the frequency of extreme events have not been as well documented, especially for coastal and marine environments. We used 28 y of satellite imagery to demonstrate that the area of mangrove forests has doubled at the northern end of their historic range on the east coast of Florida. This expansion is associated with a reduction in the frequency of “extreme” cold events (days colder than −4 °C), but uncorrelated with changes in mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and land use. Our analyses provide evidence for a threshold response, with declining frequency of severe cold winter events allowing for poleward expansion of mangroves. Future warming may result in increases in mangrove cover beyond current latitudinal limits of mangrove forests, thereby altering the structure and function of these important coastal ecosystems.read more
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A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures
TL;DR: In this article , a sectorial assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation approaches worldwide in the aforementioned sectors and the associated economic costs is presented, where secondary data is used to identify sustainability issues such as environmental, social, and economic viability.
Monitoring mangrove forest change in China from 1990 to 2015 using Landsat-derived spectral-temporal variability metrics
TL;DR: It is found that mangrove forest in China has significantly increased, and there is also a potential for employing the potential of using some robust spectral-temporal variability metrics (quantiles), capturing characteristics of temporal profiles for different land cover types, to reliably separate mangroves forest.
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The impacts of mangrove range expansion on wetland ecosystem services in the southeastern United States: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and emerging research needs
Michael J. Osland,A. Randall Hughes,Anna R. Armitage,Steven B. Scyphers,Just Cebrian,Savannah H. Swinea,Christine C. Shepard,Michael S. Allen,Laura C. Feher,James F. Nelson,Cherie L O'Brien,Colt Sanspree,Delbert L. Smee,Caitlin M. Snyder,Andrew P. Stetter,Philip W. Stevens,Kathleen M. Swanson,L. H. Williams,Janell M. Brush,Joseph Marchionno,Remi Bardou +20 more
TL;DR: A review of the current understanding of the effects of mangrove range expansion and displacement of salt marshes on wetland ecosystem services in the southeastern United States can be found in this article .
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Disturbance structures canopy and understory productivity along an environmental gradient
Abstract: Disturbances often disproportionately impact different vegetation layers in forests and other vertically-stratified ecosystems, shaping community structure and ecosystem function. However, disturbance-driven changes may be mediated by environmental conditions that affect habitat quality and species interactions. In a decade-long field experiment, we tested how kelp forest net primary productivity (NPP) responds to repeated canopy loss along a gradient in grazing and substrate suitability. We discovered that habitat quality can mediate the effects of intensified disturbance on canopy and understory NPP. Experimental pulse and press disturbances suppressed total macroalgal NPP, but effects were strongest in high-quality habitats that supported dense kelp canopies that were removed by disturbance. Understory macroalgae partly compensated for canopy NPP losses and this effect magnified with increasing habitat quality. Disturbance-driven increases in understory NPP were still rising after 7–10 years of disturbance, demonstrating the value of long-term experimentation for understanding ecosystem responses to rapidly changing disturbance regimes.
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Mangrove forests under climate change in a 2°C world
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors conceptualized what a 2°C world might look like for mangroves, and in particular the potential negative and positive responses of the mangrove ecosystem to anticipated changes in future atmospheric CO2 concentrations, temperature, sea level, cyclone activity, storminess and changes in the frequency, and magnitude of climatic oscillations.
References
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The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Robert Costanza,Rudolf de Groot,Stephen Farberk,Monica Grasso,Bruce Hannon,Karin E. Limburg,Shahid Naeem,José M. Paruelo,Robert Raskin,Paul Suttonkk,Marjan van den Belt +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations, for the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US $33 trillion per year.
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Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming
TL;DR: A meta-analysis shows that species are shifting their distributions in response to climate change at an accelerating rate, and that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change.
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Carl Folke,S. R. Carpenter,Brian Walker,Marten Scheffer,Thomas Elmqvist,Lance Gunderson,C. S. Holling +6 more
TL;DR: Active adaptive management and governance of resilience will be required to sustain desired ecosystem states and transform degraded ecosystems.
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Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system
Timothy M. Lenton,Hermann Held,Elmar Kriegler,Elmar Kriegler,Jim W. Hall,Wolfgang Lucht,Stefan Rahmstorf,Hans Joachim Schellnhuber,Hans Joachim Schellnhuber +8 more
TL;DR: It is explained how, in principle, early warning systems could be established to detect the proximity of some tipping points, and critically evaluate potential policy-relevant tipping elements in the climate system under anthropogenic forcing.
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The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems.
TL;DR: Although there is considerable uncertainty about the spatial and temporal details, climate change is clearly and fundamentally altering ocean ecosystems and will continue to create enormous challenges and costs for societies worldwide, particularly those in developing countries.