Journal ArticleDOI
Prechtl's Assessment of General Movements: A Diagnostic Tool for the Functional Assessment of the Young Nervous System.
TLDR
The assessment of GMs is quick, noninvasive, even nonintrusive, and cost-effective compared with other techniques, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, brain ultrasound, and traditional neurological examination.Abstract:
General movements (GMs) are part of the spontaneous movement repertoire and are present from early fetal life onwards until the end of the first half a year of life. GMs are complex, occur frequently, and last long enough to be observed properly. They involve the whole body in a variable sequence of arm, leg, neck, and trunk movements. They wax and wane in intensity, force and speed, and they have a gradual beginning and end. Rotations along the axis of the limbs and slight changes in the direction of movements make them fluent and elegant and create the impression of complexity and variability. If the nervous system is impaired, GMs loose their complex and variable character and become monotonous and poor. Two specific abnormal GM patterns reliably predict later cerebral palsy: 1) a persistent pattern of cramped-synchronized GMs. The movements appear rigid and lack the normal smooth and fluent character. Limb and trunk muscles contract and relax almost simultaneously. 2) The absence of GMs of fidgety character. So-called fidgety movements are small movements of moderate speed with variable acceleration of neck, trunk, and limbs in all directions. Normally, they are the predominant movement pattern in an awake infant at 3 to 5 months. Beside a sensitivity and specificity of 95% each, the assessment of GMs is quick, noninvasive, even nonintrusive, and cost-effective compared with other techniques, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, brain ultrasound, and traditional neurological examination.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Early, accurate diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy: Advances in diagnosis and treatment
Iona Novak,Catherine Morgan,Lars Adde,James A Blackman,Roslyn N. Boyd,Janice E. Brunstrom-Hernandez,Giovanni Cioni,Diane L. Damiano,Johanna Darrah,Ann-Christin Eliasson,Linda S. de Vries,Christa Einspieler,Michael T. Fahey,Darcy Fehlings,Donna M. Ferriero,Linda Fetters,Simona Fiori,Hans Forssberg,Andrew M. Gordon,Susan Greaves,Andrea Guzzetta,Mijna Hadders-Algra,Regina T. Harbourne,Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige,Petra Karlsson,Lena Krumlinde-Sundholm,Beatrice Latal,Alison Loughran-Fowlds,Nathalie L. Maitre,Sarah McIntyre,Garey Noritz,Lindsay Pennington,Domenico M. Romeo,Roberta B. Shepherd,Alicia J Spittle,Marelle Thornton,Jane Valentine,Karen Walker,Robert White,Nadia Badawi +39 more
TL;DR: Best available evidence about cerebral palsy–specific early intervention that should follow early diagnosis to optimize neuroplasticity and function is summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activity, Activity, Activity: Rethinking Our Physical Therapy Approach to Cerebral Palsy
TL;DR: The author proposes that the paradigm for physical therapist management of cerebral palsy needs to shift from traditional or “packaged” approaches to a more focused and proactive approach of promoting activity through more intense active training protocols, lifestyle modifications, and mobility-enhancing devices.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review of tests to predict cerebral palsy in young children.
Margot Bosanquet,Margot Bosanquet,Margot Bosanquet,Lisa Copeland,Robert S. Ware,Robert S. Ware,Roslyn N. Boyd,Roslyn N. Boyd +7 more
TL;DR: This systematic review evaluates the accuracy of predictive assessments and investigations used to assist in the diagnosis of cerebral palsy in preschool‐age children (<5y).
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurodevelopmental fetal assessment using KANET scoring system in low and high risk pregnancies.
Apostolos Athanasiadis,Themistoklis Mikos,George P. Tambakoudis,Theodoros Theodoridis,Maria N Papastergiou,Efstratios Assimakopoulos,Basil C. Tarlatzis +6 more
TL;DR: The neurodevelopment fetal assessment by 4D ultrasound appears to be a feasible technique in the evaluation of high risk pregnancies and further studies where any association between KANET score and neurological outcome of the childhood are warranted are warranted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The potential of 4D sonography in the assessment of fetal behavior in high-risk pregnancies
Amira Talic,Asim Kurjak,Badreldeen Ahmed,Milan Stanojević,Maja Predojević,Aida Salihagić Kadić,Gian Carlo Di Renzo +6 more
TL;DR: Four-dimensional ultrasound has been used to assess Kurjak antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET) in low- and high-risk pregnancies after randomization in prospective longitudinal cohort study and it has the potential to detect and discriminate normal from borderline and abnormal fetal behavior in normal and in high- risk pregnancies.
References
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TL;DR: The technique of assessing spontaneous motor activity can identify and distinguish between those infants who require early intervention for neurological abnormalities and those who do not, and can be done on very young infants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Qualitative changes of spontaneous movements in fetus and preterm infant are a marker of neurological dysfunction.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Few significant changes were found from birth until term age in the composition and quantity of the spontaneous movement patterns, however, notable inter-individual differences and intra-individual fluctuations from week to week were observed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The qualitative assessment of general movements in preterm, term and young infants — review of the methodology
TL;DR: While the method's sensitivity is similar in all age groups studied, and averages 94.5%, the specificity of the method is age-dependent, and consistent abnormalities of general movements are linked to neurological deficits found at the 2 year follow-up.