Predictability and number of pairings in Pavlovian fear conditioning
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In this paper, three groups of dogs were trained with different kinds of Pavlovian fear conditioning for three different types of dogs: randomly and independently; for a second group, CSs predicted the occurrence of USs; and for a third group, S predicted the absence of the USs.Abstract:
Three groups of dogs were Sidman avoidance trained They then received different kinds of Pavlovian fear conditioning For one group CSs and USs occurred randomly and independently; for a second group, CSs predicted the occurrence of USs; for a third group, CSs predicted the absence of the USs The CSs were subsequently presented while S performed the avoidance response CSs which had predicted the occurrence or the absence of USs produced, respectively, increases and decreases in avoidance rate For the group with random CSs and USs in conditioning, the CS had no effect upon avoidanceread more
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Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning.
TL;DR: This article used the limited knowledge of natural defensive behavior to help account for some of the anomalies that have been found in laboratory studies of avoidance learning, and suggested some alternative concepts, starting with the assumption that animals have innate species-specific defense reactions (SSDRs) such as fleeing, freezing and fighting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pavlovian Conditioning and Its Proper Control Procedures
TL;DR: This "truly random" control procedure leads to a new conception of Pavlovian conditioning postulating that the contingency between CS and US, rather than the pairing of CS andUS, is the important event in conditioning.
Book
Learning and memory
Daniel L. Alkon,David G. Amaral,Mark F. Bear,Joel Black,Thomas J. Carew,Neal J. Cohen,John F. Disterhoft,Howard Eichenbaum,Stephanie Golski,Linda K. Gorman,Gary Lynch,Bruce L. McNaughton,Mortimer Mishkin,James R. Moyer,James L. Olds,David S. Olton,Tim Otto,Larry R. Squire,Ursula Staubli,Lucien T. Thompson,Cynthia G. Wible +20 more
TL;DR: It now appears possible to identify these circuits, localize the sites of memory storage, and analyze the cellular and molecular mechanisms of memory.
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Probability of shock in the presence and absence of CS in fear conditioning.
TL;DR: 2 experiments indicate that CS-US contingency is an important determinant of fear conditioning and that presentation of US in the absence of CS interferes with fear conditioning.
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Computation of Conditional Probability Statistics by 8-Month-Old Infants
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