Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in US Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Catherine K. Ettman,Catherine K. Ettman,Salma M Abdalla,Gregory H. Cohen,Gregory H. Cohen,Laura Sampson,Patrick M. Vivier,Sandro Galea +7 more
- Vol. 3, Iss: 9
TLDR
There is a high burden of depression symptoms in the US associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and that this burden falls disproportionately on individuals who are already at increased risk.Abstract:
Importance The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the policies to contain it have been a near ubiquitous exposure in the US with unknown effects on depression symptoms. Objective To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with depression symptoms among US adults during vs before the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationally representative survey study used 2 population-based surveys of US adults aged 18 or older. During COVID-19, estimates were derived from the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being study, conducted from March 31, 2020, to April 13, 2020. Before COVID-19 estimates were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 2017 to 2018. Data were analyzed from April 15 to 20, 2020. Exposures The COVID-19 pandemic and outcomes associated with the measures to mitigate it. Main Outcomes and Measures Depression symptoms, defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 cutoff of 10 or higher. Categories of depression symptoms were defined as none (score, 0-4), mild (score, 5-9), moderate (score, 10-14), moderately severe (score, 15-19), and severe (score, ≥20). Results A total of 1470 participants completed the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being survey (completion rate, 64.3%), and after removing those with missing data, the final during–COVID-19 sample included 1441 participants (619 participants [43.0%] aged 18-39 years; 723 [50.2%] men; 933 [64.7%] non-Hispanic White). The pre–COVID-19 sample included 5065 participants (1704 participants [37.8%] aged 18-39 years; 2588 [51.4%] women; 1790 [62.9%] non-Hispanic White). Depression symptom prevalence was higher in every category during COVID-19 compared with before (mild: 24.6% [95% CI, 21.8%-27.7%] vs 16.2% [95% CI, 15.1%-17.4%]; moderate: 14.8% [95% CI, 12.6%-17.4%] vs 5.7% [95% CI, 4.8%-6.9%]; moderately severe: 7.9% [95% CI, 6.3%-9.8%] vs 2.1% [95% CI, 1.6%-2.8%]; severe: 5.1% [95% CI, 3.8%-6.9%] vs 0.7% [95% CI, 0.5%-0.9%]). Higher risk of depression symptoms during COVID-19 was associated with having lower income (odds ratio, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.26-4.43]), having less than $5000 in savings (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.02-2.26]), and exposure to more stressors (odds ratio, 3.05 [95% CI, 1.95-4.77]). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that prevalence of depression symptoms in the US was more than 3-fold higher during COVID-19 compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals with lower social resources, lower economic resources, and greater exposure to stressors (eg, job loss) reported a greater burden of depression symptoms. Post–COVID-19 plans should account for the probable increase in mental illness to come, particularly among at-risk populations.read more
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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychological health of a sample of the health care workers in the western region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Sadia Sultan,Abu Bashar,Ibtesam Nomani,Aisha Tabassum,Muhammad Iqbal,Ebtihaj O. Fallata,Ramya A. Sindi,Nouf M. Almasoudi,Seeqa Rheem +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of health care workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the months of November and December.
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Inequality and psychological well-being in times of COVID-19: evidence from Spain.
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"It’s the economy, stupid": lessons of a longitudinal study of depression in Argentina
Héctor Badellino,María Emilia Gobbo,Eduardo Torres,María Emilia Aschieri,Martín Biotti,Valentina Alvarez,Camila Gigante,Mabel Cachiarelli +7 more
TL;DR: The extended quarantine in Argentina is associated with an increase in the prevalence of depression; the high impact of economic and social concerns on mental health must be considered in order to avoid long-term effects.
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Psychological and Demographic Determinants of Substance Use and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Fatima Mougharbel,Fatima Mougharbel,Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga,Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga,Brandon Heidinger,Kim Corace,Kim Corace,Hayley Hamilton,Hayley Hamilton,Gary S. Goldfield,Gary S. Goldfield +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether sociodemographic and COVID-19-related worries are associated with various combinations of alcohol consumption and comorbid psychological distress variables among a Canadian sample of adults.
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Impact of COVID-19 on Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Comorbid Anxiety and/or Depression.
TL;DR: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on ability to engage in activities and the influence on psychological distress and gastrointestinal symptoms among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and comorbid anxiety and/or depression was discussed in this article.
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