Journal ArticleDOI
Proton exchange for high‐index waveguides in LiNbO3
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In this article, the fabrication and characterization of optical waveguides formed in LiNbO3 by proton exchange in benzoic acid melts at 200-250°C is described.Abstract:
We describe the fabrication and characterization of optical waveguides formed in LiNbO3 by proton exchange in benzoic acid melts at 200–250 °C. Proton exchange, in LiNbO3 the replacement of lithium ions with protons, takes place when the substrate is immersed in the molten acid. We observe a surface increase in the refractive index of 0.12, for the extraordinary polarization only, with a step function index profile. This is the highest index increase obtainable to date for LiNbO3. Measured diffusion rates for x‐cut crystals are 1.37 μm2/h at T = 249 °C and 0.37 μm2/h at T = 217 °C, so that very deep guides can be formed in short times. Diffusion is somewhat slower in the z direction. The process as described is not useful for y‐cut crystals, since it damgaes this surface. Losses, measured on x‐cut samples, were <0.5 dB/cm. All measurements were made at 0.633 μm.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of proton exchange and annealing on diffraction efficiency of Fe:LiNbO3 crystals
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of proton exchange and annealing on the photorefractive properties of Fe:LiNbO3 crystals has been investigated using two-wave coupling phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
OH- absorption band in LiTaO3 with varied composition and hydrogenation
L. Shi,Wenbo Yan,Yongfa Kong +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the absorption bands of lithium tantalate crystals at room temperature, and the bands shape depending on the crystal composition has been observed, and their fitting parameters of peaks have different values for crystals with different hydrogen concentration, which is interpreted by the modified model about the location of Li-vacancy in the lattice.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Influence of proton-exchange conditions on ferroelectric domain inversion caused in LiTaO/sub 3/ crystals
A. Tourlog,K. Nakamura +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of the ferroelectric inversion layer thickness on the proton exchange time and temperature was investigated, and it was shown that there exists a threshold in proton-exchange time for forming the inversion layers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cladding and characteristics of the a-axis MgO: LiNbO3 single crystal fibre
Wenxiu Que,Siakping Lim,Xi Yao +2 more
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Investigation Of The Nb-Rich Phase Boundary Of LiNbO3
TL;DR: In this paper, changes in point defect concentrations have been studied using Debye-Scherrer x-ray powder diffraction on samples equilibrated in various environments, and the data have been integrated with information from the literature to derive an enthalpy of oxidation and an entropy of solution for LiNb3 08 into LiNB03.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optical waveguide refractive index profiles determined from measurement of mode indices: a simple analysis.
J. M. White,P. F. Heidrich +1 more
TL;DR: The WKB approximation is used to derive simple equations that predict the shape of the index profile from measured mode indices of a planar optical waveguide and results are compared with mathematical solutions for exponential, Fermi, and step distributions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient waveguide electro‐optic TE⇄TM mode converter/wavelength filter
TL;DR: In this article, the first demonstration of phase matched waveguide electrooptic polarization conversion using a strip Ti-diffused lithium niobate waveguide and periodic electrodes was reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
HNbO3 and HTaO3: New cubic perovskites prepared from LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 via ion exchange
C.E. Rice,J.L. Jackel +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of HNbO 3 and HTaO 3 via ion exchange in hot aqueous acid solutions is reported, which is accompanied by a topotactic structural transformation from the rhombohedral LiNb O 3 structure to the cubic perovskite structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical waveguides in LiNbO3 by ion exchange technique
TL;DR: In this article, optical losses of 6 dB/cm were measured for the highest-order mode; losses were higher for the lower-order modes, and an increase in the extraordinary refractive index at the surface of the plate due to silver exchange was estimated to be 0.12.
Journal ArticleDOI
Topotactic LiNbO3 to cubic perovskite structural transformation in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3
J. L. Jackel,C. E. Rice +1 more
TL;DR: LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 have been found to undergo ion exhange in certain aqueous solutions and hydrate melts, replacing some or all of the lithium with hydrogen.
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