Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced effects of spherical aberration on penetration depth under two-photon excitation.
Djenan Ganic,Xiaosong Gan,Min Gu +2 more
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TLDR
It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that two-photon fluorescence imaging experiences less spherical aberration and can thus propagate to a deeper depth within a thick medium.Abstract:
We compare the effects of spherical aberration on the penetration depth of single-photon and two-photon excitation for instances in which the aberration is caused by the refractive-index mismatch when a beam is focused through an interface. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that two-photon fluorescence imaging experiences less spherical aberration and can thus propagate to a deeper depth within a thick medium.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive optics in microscopy
TL;DR: In this article, the sources of aberrations, their effects and their correction with adaptive optics, particularly in confocal and two-photon microscopes, are discussed. And applications of adaptive optics in the related areas of optical data storage, optical tweezers and micro/nanofabrication are also reviewed.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Adaptive optics in microscopy
TL;DR: Applications of adaptive optics in the related areas of optical data storage, optical tweezers and micro/nanofabrication are reviewed, particularly in confocal and two-photon microscopes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Techniques for depth-resolved imaging through turbid media including coherence-gated imaging
TL;DR: In this article, a panoply of techniques for realising optical imaging through turbid media such as biological tissue is reviewed, with particular emphasis placed on techniques to achieve real-time high-resolution three-dimensional imaging using turbid materials, providing rapid whole field acquisition and high depth and transverse spatial resolution images.
Journal ArticleDOI
Confocal Raman microspectroscopy through a planar interface
K. J. Baldwin,D. N. Batchelder +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model to describe the effect of refraction through a planar interface on the collection efficiency and depth of focus when performing confocal Raman microspectroscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement and correction of in vivo sample aberrations employing a nonlinear guide-star in two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy
Rodrigo Aviles-Espinosa,Jordi Andilla,Rafael Porcar-Guezenec,Omar E. Olarte,Marta Nieto,Xavier Levecq,David Artigas,Pablo Loza-Alvarez +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that sample induced aberrations can be measured in a nonlinear microscope using the fact that two-photon excited fluorescence naturally produces a localized point source inside the sample: the nonlinear guide-star (NL-GS).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Two-Photon Laser Scanning Fluorescence Microscopy
TL;DR: The fluorescence emission increased quadratically with the excitation intensity so that fluorescence and photo-bleaching were confined to the vicinity of the focal plane as expected for cooperative two-photon excitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Properties of a 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope
TL;DR: In a 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope two opposing microscope objective lenses were used to illuminate a fluorescent object from both sides and to collect the fluorescence emissions on both sides, resulting in an axial resolution approximately four times higher than that in a confocalfluorescence microscope.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic diffraction of light focused through a planar interface between materials of mismatched refractive indices: an integral representation
TL;DR: In this paper, the diffraction problem for a planar interface between two isotropic and homogeneous materials with this interface perpendicular to the optical axis is solved in a rigorous mathematical manner, and it satisfies the homogeneous wave equation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic diffraction of light focused through a planar interface between materials of mismatched refractive indices: structure of the electromagnetic field. I
TL;DR: Torok et al. as mentioned in this paper considered the electromagnetic diffraction occurring when light is focused by a lens without spherical aberration through a planar interface between materials of mismatched refractive indices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of specimen refractive index on confocal imaging
Colin J. R. Sheppard,Peter Török +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the aberrations introduced when focusing within a specimen with a refractive index equal to that of water using an oil-immersion objective and showed that the peak intensity in the confocal point spread function drops by a factor of two for focusing less than 10 mm into the specimen.
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