Journal ArticleDOI
Reflectance and structure of evaporated chromium and molybdenum films
J. E. Nestell,R. W. Christy +1 more
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In this article, it was shown that chromium and molybdenum films have anomalously low optical reflectance throughout the 0.2-2.5-μm wavelength range.Abstract:
Chromium and molybdenum films deposited in a high vacuum at room temperature are shown to have anomalously low optical reflectance throughout the 0.2–2.5‐μm wavelength range. Deposition at about 700°C for chromium and 1000°C for molybdenum, or postdeposition annealing, gives films with bulk reflectance. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show the films deposited at room temperature to be very fine grained (80–100‐A grain size). Electrical resistivity of the fine grained films is high (3–5 times bulk). High‐temperature deposition or annealing gives larger grains (≳400 A) and lower resistivity. A simple model accounts for the resistivity behavior.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of ion bombardment on the microstructure and properties of molybdenum films
TL;DR: In this article, ion bombardment during deposition was used in an attempt to obtain nore dense, bulk-like films of molybdenum, which were produced by both electron beam evaporation with concurrent bombardment using argon ions from an ion gun and by steered-arc Evaporation using a substrate bias voltage to enhance the ion bombardment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis and crystallographic structures of chromium thin films
M. Gasgnier,L. Névot +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the new modification of chromium, referred to as NMCr, cannot be the metal itself, since it has different reactive properties, such as a suboxide with a primitive cubic cell and a hydrated oxyhydroxide with a rhombohedral structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure and optical properties of evaporated films of the Cr- and V-group metals
TL;DR: In this article, columnar grains about 100 A in diameter were separated by a less dense grain-boundary network about 10-A wide, and the measured optical conductivity agreed with an inhomogeneous medium model that assumes the normal crystalline conductivity for the grain interiors, with model parameters that correlate to the observed columnar grain size.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reflective metallic coatings for first mirrors on ITER
Baran Eren,Laurent Marot,Andrey Litnovsky,M. Matveeva,Roland Steiner,Valentin Emberger,M. Wisse,Daniel Mathys,G. Covarel,Ernst Meyer +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of deposition parameters and substrate temperature on the resulting crystallite structure, surface roughness and hence on the reflectivity, were investigated, and the films were found to exhibit nanometric crystallites with a dense columnar structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Secondary scintillation in CF4: emission spectra and photon yields for MSGC and GEM
TL;DR: In this article, secondary scintillation (defined here as photon emission originating from electron avalanches) was studied for two gaseous micropattern detectors: MSGC (MicroStrip Gas Chamber) and GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) operated in pure CF4.