Journal ArticleDOI
Repetitive TMS of cerebellum interferes with millisecond time processing
Giacomo Koch,Massimiliano Oliveri,Sara Torriero,Silvia Salerno,Emanuele Lo Gerfo,Carlo Caltagirone +5 more
TLDR
It is determined that the cerebellum is essential in explicit temporal processing of millisecond time intervals using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and cerebellar involvement in millisecondsond time processing was evident when the time intervals were encoded but not when they were retrieved from memory.Abstract:
Time processing is important in several cognitive and motor functions, but it is still unclear how the human brain perceives time intervals of different durations. Processing of time in millisecond and second intervals may depend on different neural networks and there is now considerable evidence to suggest that these intervals are possibly measured by independent brain mechanisms. Using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we determined that the cerebellum is essential in explicit temporal processing of millisecond time intervals. In the first experiment, subjects' performance in a time reproduction task of short (400-600 ms) and long (1,600-2,400 ms) intervals, were evaluated immediately after application of inhibitory rTMS trains over the left and right lateral cerebellum (Cb) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We found that rTMS over the lateral cerebellum impaired time perception in the short interval (millisecond range) only; for the second range intervals, impaired timing was found selectively for stimulation of the right DLPFC. In the second experiment, we observed that cerebellar involvement in millisecond time processing was evident when the time intervals were encoded but not when they were retrieved from memory. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the cerebellum can be considered as an internal timing system, deputed to assess millisecond time intervals.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum
TL;DR: The conceptual bases and experimental evidence for this hypothesis suggest a possible mechanism by which intuition and implicit thought might function and explains some of the symptoms that are exhibited by psychiatric patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Timing and time perception: A review of recent behavioral and neuroscience findings and theoretical directions
TL;DR: The present review article discusses the question of whether there is an internal clock (pacemaker counter or oscillator device) that is dedicated to temporal processing and reports the main hypotheses regarding the involvement of biological structures in time perception.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of timing.
TL;DR: Neural firing rates in both striatal and interconnected frontal areas vary as a function of duration, suggesting a neurophysiological mechanism for the representation of time in the brain, with the excitatory–inhibitory balance of interactions among distinct subtypes of striatal neuron serving to fine-tune temporal accuracy and precision.
TUTORIAL REVIEW Timing and time perception: A review of recent behavioral and neuroscience findings and theoretical directions
TL;DR: A review of recent literature related to psychological time and time perception can be found in this article, where the roles of the cerebellum, of the cerebral cortices, and of the basal ganglia in the timing processes are emphasized.
Journal ArticleDOI
The image of time: a voxel-wise meta-analysis.
TL;DR: A comprehensive, voxel-wise meta-analysis using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm suggested that the processing of temporal information is mediated by a distributed network that can be differentially engaged depending on the task requirements.
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Journal ArticleDOI
What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing
Catalin V. Buhusi,Warren H. Meck +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the brain represents time in a distributed manner and tells the time by detecting the coincidental activation of different neural populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Where and when to pay attention: the neural systems for directing attention to spatial locations and to time intervals as revealed by both PET and fMRI.
Jennifer T. Coull,Anna C. Nobre +1 more
TL;DR: Brain-imaging data revealed a partial overlap between neural systems involved in the performance of spatial versus temporal orientation of attention tasks, and hemispheric asymmetries revealed preferential right and left parietal activation for spatial and temporal attention, respectively.
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The neural basis of temporal processing
TL;DR: It is suggested that, given the intricate link between temporal and spatial information in most sensory and motor tasks, timing and spatial processing are intrinsic properties of neural function, and specialized timing mechanisms such as delay lines, oscillators, or a spectrum of different time constants are not required.
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