Revisiting the evolutionary history and roles of protein phosphatases with Kelch-like domains in plants
Gustavo A. Maselli,Claudio H. Slamovits,Javier Ignacio Bianchi,Josep Vilarrasa-Blasi,Ana I. Caño-Delgado,Santiago Mora-García +5 more
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TLDR
The results underline the functional relevance of BSL phosphatases in plants and suggest that BSL2/BSL3 and BSU1 may have contrasting effects on BR signaling.Abstract:
Protein phosphatases with Kelch-like domains (PPKL) are members of the phosphoprotein phosphatases family present only in plants and alveolates. PPKL have been described as positive effectors of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling in plants. Most of the evidence supporting this role has been gathered using one of the four homologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 SUPPRESSOR (BSU1). We reappraised the roles of the other three members of the family, BSL1, BSL2, and BSL3, through phylogenetic, functional, and genetic analyses. We show that BSL1 and BSL2/BSL3 belong to two ancient evolutionary clades that have been highly conserved in land plants. In contrast, BSU1-type genes are exclusively found in the Brassicaceae and display a remarkable sequence divergence, even among closely related species. Simultaneous loss of function of the close paralogs BSL2 and BSL3 brings about a peculiar array of phenotypic alterations, but with marginal effects on BR signaling; loss of function of BSL1 is, in turn, phenotypically silent. Still, the products of these three genes account for the bulk of PPKL-related activity in Arabidopsis and together have an essential role in the early stages of development that BSU1 is unable to supplement. Our results underline the functional relevance of BSL phosphatases in plants and suggest that BSL2/BSL3 and BSU1 may have contrasting effects on BR signaling. Given that BSU1-type genes have likely undergone a functional shift and are phylogenetically restricted, we caution that inferences based on these genes to the whole family or to other species may be misleading.read more
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The Chlamydomonas cell cycle
Frederick R. Cross,James G. Umen +1 more
TL;DR: The current status of studies of the Chlamydomonas cell cycle is reviewed, and an overview of cell‐cycle control in the well‐studied yeast and animal systems, which has yielded a canonical, well‐supported model is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Specificities of Brassinosteroid and Potential Utilization for Crop Improvement.
Hongning Tong,Chengcai Chu +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that unraveling the mechanisms underlying the diverse BR functions will favor BR application in molecular design for crop improvement and demonstrates the feasibility of modulating BR responses to obtain desirable traits for breeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rice qGL3/OsPPKL1 Functions with the GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase OsGSK3 to Modulate Brassinosteroid Signaling.
Gao Xiuying,Jiaqi Zhang,Xiaojun Zhang,Xiaojun Zhang,Jun Zhou,Zhisheng Jiang,Peng Huang,Zhengbin Tang,Yong-Mei Bao,Jinping Cheng,Hai-Juan Tang,Wenhua Zhang,Hongsheng Zhang,Ji Huang +13 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that qGL3 suppresses BR signaling by regulating the phosphorylation and stability of OsGSK3, which modulates OsBZR1 phosphorylated status and subcellular distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein phosphatases PP2A, PP4 and PP6: mediators and regulators in development and responses to environmental cues
Cathrine Lillo,Amr R.A. Kataya,Behzad Heidari,Maria T. Creighton,Dugassa Nemie-Feyissa,Zekarias Ginbot,Else Müller Jonassen +6 more
TL;DR: The status of knowledge concerning physiological functions of PP2A, PP4 and PP6 in Arabidopsis is presented, and these to yeast and mammals are related.
Journal ArticleDOI
BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 3, a plasma membrane-associated scaffold protein involved in early brassinosteroid signaling.
Hong Ren,Björn C. Willige,Yvon Jaillais,Yvon Jaillais,Sa Geng,Sa Geng,Mee Yeon Park,William M. Gray,Joanne Chory +8 more
TL;DR: The genetic studies indicate that kinase dead BSK3K86R protein partially rescues the bsk3-1 mutant phenotypes, and the results of the studies provide new insights into early BR signaling mechanisms.
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