Risks associated with viral infections during pregnancy
Karen Racicot,Gil Mor +1 more
TLDR
The potential contributions of maternal, placental, and fetal viral infection to pregnancy outcome, fetal development, and maternal well-being are discussed.Abstract:
Despite the prevalence of viral infections in the American population, we still have a limited understanding of how they affect pregnancy and fetal development. Viruses can gain access to the decidua and placenta by ascending from the lower reproductive tract or via hematogenous transmission. Viral tropism for the decidua and placenta is then dependent on viral entry receptor expression in these tissues as well as on the maternal immune response to the virus. These factors vary by cell type and gestational age and can be affected by changes to the in utero environment and maternal immunity. Some viruses can directly infect the fetus at specific times during gestation, while some only infect the placenta. Both scenarios can result in severe birth defects or pregnancy loss. Systemic maternal viral infections can also affect the pregnancy, and these can be especially dangerous, because pregnant women suffer higher virus-associated morbidity and mortality than do nonpregnant counterparts. In this Review, we discuss the potential contributions of maternal, placental, and fetal viral infection to pregnancy outcome, fetal development, and maternal well-being.read more
Citations
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Why are pregnant women susceptible to COVID-19? An immunological viewpoint.
TL;DR: The reason why pregnant women are more susceptible to COVID-19 and the potential maternal and fetal complications from an immunological viewpoint is focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Francesca Di Toro,Mattheus Gjoka,Giovanni Di Lorenzo,Davide De Santo,Francesco De Seta,Gianpaolo Maso,Francesco Maria Risso,Federico Romano,Uri Wiesenfeld,Roberto Levi-D'Ancona,Luca Ronfani,Giuseppe Ricci +11 more
TL;DR: Although adverse outcomes such as ICU admission or patient death can occur, the clinical course of COVID-19 in most women is not severe, and the infection does not significantly influence the pregnancy, therefore, CO VID-19 should not be considered as an indication for elective caesarean section.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prenatal Infection as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia
TL;DR: In this paper, a line of investigation has been advanced by birth cohort studies that utilize prospectively acquired data from serologic assays for infectious and immune biomarkers, which have provided further support for this hypothesis and permitted the investigation of new infectious pathogens in relation to schizophrenia risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes among COVID-19 infected women: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
TL;DR: Regular screening and early detection of COVID-19 in pregnant women may provide more favorable outcomes and be associated with infection acquired at early gestational ages, more symptomatic presentation, myalgia symptom at presentation, and use of oxygen support therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Placental Pathology Findings during and after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Features of Villitis and Malperfusion
Thomas Menter,Kirsten D. Mertz,Sizun Jiang,Han Chen,Cécile Monod,Alexandar Tzankov,Salome Waldvogel,Sven M. Schulzke,Irene Hösli,Elisabeth Bruder +9 more
TL;DR: There are histopathological signs of maternal and foetal malperfusion, which might have a relationship to an altered coagulative or microangiopathic state induced by SARS-CoV-2, yet this cannot be proven considering a plethora of confounding factors.
References
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TL;DR: Despite mild clinical symptoms in the mother, ZIKV infection during pregnancy is deleterious to the fetus and is associated with fetal death, fetal growth restriction, and a spectrum of central nervous system abnormalities.
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Zika Virus and Birth Defects — Reviewing the Evidence for Causality
TL;DR: It is concluded that a causal relationship exists between prenatal Zika virus infection and microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies and needs to intensify efforts toward the prevention of adverse outcomes caused by congenital Zika virus infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review and meta‐analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
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