Journal ArticleDOI
Role of serotonin in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
H G Baumgarten,Z Grozdanovic +1 more
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TLDR
It is hypothesised that continuous treatment with SSRJs alters serotonin turnover and neuropeptide expression patterns in OCD-entertaining functional forebrain/midbrain circuits.Abstract:
Background Serotonin may play a role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) because of the anti-obsessional effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRJs). Method The literature is reviewed on knowledge of the role of serotonergic neurons in brain function, studies on monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), various stress neuropeptides, neuroendocrine and behavioural challenge after administration of direct and indirect serotomimetic compounds, and neuroanatomical data on brain circuits organising behaviour. Results In most of the OCD cases analysed, CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations do not significantly differ from age-corrected controls. However, a relationship appears to exist between pre-treatment levels of these metabolites and clinical response to drugs acting on the serotonin transporter. Abnormalities in CSF arginine vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin and somatostatin levels have been reported in OCD. Long-term treatment with high-doses of clomipramine, fluvoxamine, and fluoxetine tend to correct these neuropeptide abnormalities. Conclusions We hypothesise that continuous treatment with SSRJs alters serotonin turnover and neuropeptide expression patterns in OCD-entertaining functional forebrain/midbrain circuits.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reduced orbitofrontal-striatal activity on a reversal learning task in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Peter L. Remijnse,M. Nielen,Anton J. L. M. van Balkom,Danielle C. Cath,Patricia van Oppen,Harry B. M. Uylings,Dick J. Veltman +6 more
TL;DR: Findings confirm previous reports of dorsal prefrontal dysfunction in OCD and provide evidence for the involvement of the OFC-striatal loop in the pathophysiology of OCD on a reversal learning task that addresses this circuit's function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical trials of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry and neurology: A systematic review
Deepmala,Deepmala,John Slattery,Nihit Kumar,Leanna Delhey,Michael Berk,Olivia M Dean,Charles Spielholz,Richard E. Frye +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found favorable evidence for the use of NAC in several psychiatric and neurological disorders, particularly autism, Alzheimer's disease, cocaine and cannabis addiction, bipolar disorder, depression, trichotillomania, nail biting, skin picking, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, drug-induced neuropathy and progressive myoclonic epilepsy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
TL;DR: In the future, more precise delineation of the origins of this disorder is expected, with integration of data from neuroanatomical, neurochemical, neuroethological, neurogenetic, and neuroimmunological research.
Journal ArticleDOI
The comorbidity of bipolar and anxiety disorders: prevalence, psychobiology, and treatment issues.
TL;DR: Comorbid anxiety symptoms and disorders must be considered when diagnosing and treating patients with bipolar disorder, and preliminary data suggesting that certain antimanic agents may have anxiolytic properties indicate that these agents may be particularly useful for anxious bipolar patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dissociable Effects of Selective 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Receptor Antagonists on Serial Spatial Reversal Learning in Rats
TL;DR: The improved performance in reversal learning observed following 5-HT2C receptor antagonism suggests these receptors may offer the potential for therapeutic advances in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders where cognitive deficits are a feature, including obsessive-compulsive disorder.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Wayne K. Goodman,Lawrence H. Price,Steven A. Rasmussen,Carolyn M. Mazure,Roberta L. Fleischmann,Candy L. Hill,George R. Heninger,Dennis S. Charney +7 more
TL;DR: In a study involving four raters and 40 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder at various stages of treatment, interrater reliability for the total Yale-Brown Scale score and each of the 10 individual items was excellent, with high degree of internal consistency among all item scores demonstrated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
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Reconciling the role of central serotonin neurons in human and animal behavior
TL;DR: Whether anxiety reduction or increased impulsivity is more likely to account for animal behavioral changes associated with decreased serotonergic transmission is investigated, as well as the effects of manipulating central serotonin in experimental anxiety paradigms in animals (punishment, extinction, novelty).
Journal ArticleDOI
Serotonin-dopamine interaction and its relevance to schizophrenia
Shitij Kapur,Gary Remington +1 more
TL;DR: Serotonergic modulation of dopaminergic function provides a viable mechanism for enhancing therapeutics in schizophrenia, but much remains unclear.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anatomy of the serotonergic system.
TL;DR: The serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptaminergic, 5-HT) system is one of the diffusively organized projection systems of the brain and the full description of its neuronal localization and projections has only become possible with the availability of the histoflu~rescence’ and immunohistochemical techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clomipramine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. I. A controlled clinical trial.
TL;DR: Clomipramine, but not nortriptyline, was superior to placebo in interview-based ratings of severity of OCD, and the effect was not clear-cut until after five weeks of treatment.