Journal ArticleDOI
Serum beta-carotene, vitamins A and E, selenium, and the risk of lung cancer.
Marilyn S. Menkes,Marilyn S. Menkes,George W. Comstock,George W. Comstock,Jean P. Vuilleumier,Jean P. Vuilleumier,Knud J. Helsing,Knud J. Helsing,Agatha A. Rider,Agatha A. Rider,Ron Brookmeyer +10 more
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TLDR
Data support an association between low levels of serum vitamin E and the risk of any type of lung cancer and between low Levels of serum beta-carotene and therisk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung.Abstract:
We studied the relation of serum vitamin A (retinol), beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium to the risk of lung cancer, using serum that had been collected during a large blood-collection study performed in Washington County, Maryland, in 1974. Levels of the nutrients in serum samples from 99 persons who were subsequently found to have lung cancer (in 1975 to 1983) were compared with levels in 196 controls who were matched for age, sex, race, month of blood donation, and smoking history. A strong inverse association between serum beta-carotene and the risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung was observed (relative odds, 4.30; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.38 and 13.41). Mean (+/- SD) levels of vitamin E were lower among the cases than the controls (10.5 +/- 3.2 vs. 11.9 +/- 4.90 mg per liter), when all histologic types of cancer were considered together. In addition, a linear trend in risk was found (P = 0.04), so that persons with serum levels of vitamin E in the lowest quintile had a 2.5 times higher risk of lung cancer than persons with levels in the highest quintile. These data support an association between low levels of serum vitamin E and the risk of any type of lung cancer and between low levels of serum beta-carotene and the risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung.read more
Citations
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The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
O.P. Heinonen,D. Albanes +1 more
TL;DR: No reduction in the incidence of lung cancer among male smokers is found after five to eight years of dietary supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta carotene, and this trial raises the possibility that these supplements may actually have harmful as well as beneficial effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: A review of the epidemiological evidence
TL;DR: It would appear that major public health benefits could be achieved by substantially increasing consumption of fruit and vegetable consumption, and in particular in cancers of the esophagus, oral cavity, and larynx, for which 28 of 29 studies were significant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Selenium Supplementation for Cancer Prevention in Patients With Carcinoma of the Skin: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Larry C. Clark,Gerald F. Combs,Bruce W. Turnbull,Elizabeth H. Slate,Dan K. Chalker,James Chow,Loretta S. Davis,Renee A. Glover,Gloria F. Graham,Earl G. Gross,Arnon Krongrad,Jack L. Lesher,H. Kim Park,Beverly B. Sanders,Cameron L. Smith,J. Richard Taylor +15 more
TL;DR: Results from secondary end-point analyses support the hypothesis that supplemental selenium may reduce the incidence of, and mortality from, carcinomas of several sites and require confirmation in an independent trial of appropriate design before new public health recommendations regarding seenium supplementation can be made.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease.
Charles H. Hennekens,Julie E. Buring,JoAnn E. Manson,Meir J. Stampfer,Bernard Rosner,Nancy R. Cook,Charlene Belanger,Frances LaMotte,John Michael Gaziano,Paul M. Ridker,Walter C. Willett,Richard Peto +11 more
TL;DR: In this trial among healthy men, 12 years of supplementation with beta carotene produced neither benefit nor harm in terms of the incidence of malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, or death from all causes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher.
TL;DR: Lycopene, a biologically occurring carotenoid, exhibits the highest physical quenching rate constant with singlet oxygen, and its plasma level is slightly higher than that of beta-carotene, but those compounds with low kq values occur at higher plasma levels.
References
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Walter C. Willett,J. Steven Morris,Sara L. Pressel,James Taylor,B. Frank Polk,Meir J. Stampfer,Bernard Rosner,Kenneth. Schneider,Curtis G. Hames +8 more
TL;DR: The association between low selenium level and cancer was strongest for gastrointestinal and prostatic cancers and Serum levels of vitamins A and E compounded the effect of low Selenium.
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