Journal ArticleDOI
Signal-to-noise ratio in microelectrode-array-based electrochemical detectors.
TLDR
The signal and noise models are combined to yield a model for signal-to-noise ratio at array-based electrochemical detectors that is in good agreement with more complex and less approximate calculations.Abstract:
The signal-to-noise ratio at an electrode array depends on the electrode area, the perimeter-to-area ratio of the electroactive portion of the surface, the mass transfer coefficient of the analyte-electrode combination, the measurement bandwidth, and the sources and magnitudes of the noises. Simple models for chronoamperometry with an array in quiescent solution and for hydrodynamic current at an array in one wall of a rectangular conduit through which analyte-containing solution is following are given. Noises from seven sources, including environmental noises, are considered in a noise model. The signal and noise models are combined to yield a model for signal-to-noise ratio at array-based electrochemical detectors. There exists an optimum array density for a given area that depends on the noise power, noise resistance, the current density at a sparse array, and the current density at a solid electrode of the same area. Approximations that lead to simple expressions for the optimum electroactive area fraction and noise resistance lead to results that are in good agreement with more complex and less approximate calculations. Electrodes of millimeter dimensions consisting of about 1% active surface with electroactive "pieces" of micrometer dimensions are anticipated to yield detection limits of about 1 fmol injected into a typical packed-column liquid chromatograph. This corresponds to about 10(-10) M analyte in the detector and about an order of magnitude improvement over solid electrodes.read more
Citations
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Glucose Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Ensembles
TL;DR: In this article, a glucose biosensors based on carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs) was developed for the selective detection of glucose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two-dimensional arrays of colloidal gold particles : A flexible approach to macroscopic metal surfaces
Katherine C. Grabar,Keith J. Allison,Bonnie E. Baker,Robin M. Bright,Kenneth R. Brown,R. Griffith Freeman,Audrey P. Fox,Christine D. Keating,and Michael D. Musick,Michael J. Natan +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, a flexible and general approach to formation of macroscopic colloidal Au surfaces that have well-defined nanostructure is presented. But the assembly method described in this paper is compared with previous methods for controlling the na...
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Materials and techniques for electrochemical biosensor design and construction
S.F Zhang,G Wright,Ying Yang +2 more
TL;DR: This review aims to highlight recent developments in materials and techniques for electrochemical biosensor design and construction, raising hopes that the problems related to interactions between foreign surfaces and biological fluids and tissues may soon be solved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical biosensor based on integrated assembly of dehydrogenase enzymes and gold nanoparticles.
Bikash Kumar Jena,C. Retna Raj +1 more
TL;DR: The excellent performance validates the integrated assembly as an attractive sensing element for the development of new dehydrogenase biosensors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microfabricated Ultramicroelectrode Arrays: Developments, Advances, and Applications in Environmental Analysis
TL;DR: In this article, the major microfabrication steps and the capabilities and limitations of this microsensor technology are reviewed in order to illustrate the breadth of work with silicon-based microelectrode arrays with special emphasis on their use for environmental analysis in a range of diverse settings including remote electroanalysis on Mars.
References
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Verwendung von Schwingquarzen zur Wägung dünner Schichten und zur Mikrowägung
TL;DR: In this paper, eigenfrequenz der Platte infolge Vergroserung der schwingenden Masse is vermessen, so das eine empirische Eichung bei der Schichtwagung mit Schwingquarzen entfallt.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of quartz vibration for weighing thin films on a microbalance
G. Sauerbrey,F. Sauerbrey +1 more
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