Single-use, thermally actuated paraffin valves for microfluidic applications

TLDR: In this article, a thermally actuated valving concept using paraffin as single-use valving material was developed, which undergoes a phase transition in response to changes in temperature.

Abstract: A new thermally actuated valving concept using paraffin as single-use valving material was developed. The paraffin undergoes a phase transition in response to changes in temperature. A variety of single-use paraffin-based microvalves, including “close–open,” “open–close–open,” “T,” and toggle designs, were demonstrated. Fluidic experiments showed that these microvalves had zero leakage and a maximum hold-up pressure of 40 psi in a “closed” position. A DNA polymerase chain reaction microdevice containing paraffin-based microvalves to enclose the sample solution in the reaction chamber during the thermal cycling was demonstrated. The paraffin-based microvalving technique has advantages over many existing active microvalve approaches, including a simple design, ease of fabrication, low cost, and ease of integration into complex microfluidic systems. Moreover, this technique is particularly attractive for single-use and disposable microfluidic devices.