Slow wave sleep dreaming.
TLDR
It is found that REM reports were significantly longer than SWS reports and semantic knowledge was more frequently mentioned as a dream source for REM than for SWS dream reports, supporting the hypothesis that dreaming is a continuous process that is not unique to REM sleep.Abstract:
Fifty volunteers slept two nonconsecutive nights in a sleep laboratory under electropolygraphic control. They were awakened for one report per night. Awakenings were made, in counterbalanced order, from slow wave sleep (SWS--stage 3-4 and stage 4) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Following dream reporting, subjects were asked to identify memory sources of their dream imagery. Two independent judges reliably rated mentation reports for temporal units and for several content and structural dimensions. The same judges also categorized memory sources as autobiographical episodes, abstract self-references, or semantic knowledge. We found that REM reports were significantly longer than SWS reports. Minor content SWS-REM differences were also detected. Moreover, semantic knowledge was more frequently mentioned as a dream source for REM than for SWS dream reports. These findings are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that dreaming is a continuous process that is not unique to REM sleep. Different levels of engagement of the cognitive system are responsible for the few SWS-REM differences that have been detected.read more
Citations
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Dreaming and the brain: toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states
TL;DR: A three-dimensional model with specific examples from normally and abnormally changing conscious states of REM sleep dreaming is presented, suggesting that there are isomorphisms between the phenomenology and the physiology of dreams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mental imagery: in search of a theory.
TL;DR: It is claimed that when such questions as whether images are depictive or spatial are formulated more clearly, the evidence does not provide support for the picture-theory over a symbol-structure theory of mental imagery, and whether recent neuroscience evidence clarifies the debate over the nature of mental images is considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dreaming and the brain: from phenomenology to neurophysiology.
Yuval Nir,Giulio Tononi +1 more
TL;DR: It is possible to start integrating these two strands of research to address fundamental questions that dreams pose for cognitive neuroscience: how conscious experiences in sleep relate to underlying brain activity; why the dreamer is largely disconnected from the environment; and whether dreaming is more closely related to mental imagery or to perception.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neural correlates of dreaming
Francesca Siclari,Benjamin Baird,Lampros Perogamvros,Lampros Perogamvros,Lampros Perogamvros,Giulio Bernardi,Giulio Bernardi,Giulio Bernardi,Joshua J. LaRocque,Brady A. Riedner,Mélanie Boly,Bradley R. Postle,Giulio Tononi +12 more
TL;DR: Monitoring this posterior 'hot zone' in real time predicted whether an individual reported dreaming or the absence of dream experiences during NREM sleep, suggesting that it may constitute a core correlate of conscious experiences in sleep.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Changes as a Function of Delta and Spindle Activity during Slow Wave Sleep in Humans
Nina Hofle,Tomáš Paus,David C. Reutens,Pierre Fiset,Jean Gotman,Alan C. Evans,Barbara E. Jones +6 more
TL;DR: Changes in regional cerebral blood flow in humans during the progression from relaxed wakefulness through slow wave sleep (SWS) were examined as a function of spindle and δ electroencephalographic activity of SWS.
References
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Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotions
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory is proposed that emotions are cognitively based states which co-ordinate quasi-autonomous processes in the nervous system, and that complex emotions are derived from a small number of basic emotions and arise at junctures of social plans.
Book ChapterDOI
The Interaction of Cognitive and Physiological Determinants of Emotional State
TL;DR: This chapter describes the implications of a cognitive-physiological formulation of emotion, and a series of experiments designed to test these implications suggest that given a state of physiological arousal for which an individual has no explanation, he labels this state in terms of the cognitions available to him, his feelings can be manipulated in diverse directions.
Book
The Dreaming Brain
TL;DR: This book discusses a Brain-Based Approach to Dreaming Early Dream Science, the Functions of REM Sleep and Dreaming, and the Interpretation of Dream Form.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiovascular Differentiation of Happiness, Sadness, Anger, and Fear Following Imagery and Exercise
TL;DR: Sadness was unique in that systolic pressure and heart rate were virtually as high when subjects were still as when they were actually moving, and was the one emotional state that seemed to interfere with the cardiovascular adjustments normally associated with exercise.