Socio-economic distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and knowledge in rural India
M Justin Zaman,Anushka Patel,Stephen Jan,Graham S. Hillis,P. Krishnam Raju,Bruce Neal,Clara K Chow +6 more
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TLDR
Equipping rural Indians with knowledge about CVRFs may ameliorate projected future increases in CVD and make healthy behavioural changes, according to their socio-economic position.Abstract:
Background To investigate the prevalence, screening and knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) by socio-economic position (SEP) in rural India. Methods An age- and sex-stratified random sample of 4535 adults was recruited from rural Andhra Pradesh and a questionnaire was administered to assess prevalence, screening and knowledge of CVRFs and record recent attempts to modify behaviour. Education, income and occupation were used to measure SEP. Results Lower fruit intake and higher tobacco and alcohol use were found in those with lower SEP. Overweight, physical inactivity, diabetes, hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and previous CVD (men only) were greater in higher SEP participants. Lower SEP participants had less blood pressure, glucose or cholesterol screening and less knowledge of nine CVRFs. Regardless of SEP, participants knowledgeable of the harms of a CVRF were more likely to have attempted to modify behaviour. For example, knowledge of benefits of smoking cessation was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for attempting to quit: in educated participants-OR 3.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10-6.42; in participants with no education-OR 3.98, 95% CI 2.27-6.97. Conclusions Some biological CVRFs were worse in higher SEP participants while some behavioural risk factors were worse in lower SEP participants. Lower SEP participants had less CVRF screening and knowledge of CVRFs. Those with knowledge of CVRFs were more likely to make healthy behavioural changes. Our findings suggest equipping rural Indians with knowledge about CVRFs may ameliorate projected future increases in CVD.read more
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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Rural and Urban Communities in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries
Clara K Chow,Clara K Chow,Koon K. Teo,Sumathy Rangarajan,Shofiqul Islam,Rajeev Gupta,Alvaro Avezum,Ahmad Bahonar,Jephat Chifamba,Gilles R. Dagenais,Rafael Diaz,Khawar Kazmi,Fernando Lanas,Li Wei,Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo,Lu Fanghong,Noor Hassim Ismail,Thandi Puoane,Annika Rosengren,Andrzej Szuba,Ahmet Temizhan,Andy Wielgosz,Rita Yusuf,Afzalhussein Yusufali,Martin McKee,Lisheng Liu,Prem Mony,Salim Yusuf +27 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest substantial room for improvement in hypertension diagnosis and treatment and suggest low education was associated with lower rates of awareness, treatment, and control in LICs, but not in other countries.
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Hypertension in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension
Raghupathy Anchala,Nanda Kishore Kannuri,Hira B Pant,Hassan Khan,Oscar H. Franco,Emanuele Di Angelantonio,Dorairaj Prabhakaran +6 more
TL;DR: A region-specific (urban and rural parts of north, east, west, and south India) systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension among Indian patients have not been done before and about 33% urban and 25% rural Indians are hypertensive.
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Socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review
Luke Allen,Julianne Williams,Nick Townsend,Bente Mikkelsen,Nia Roberts,Charlie Foster,Kremlin Wickramasinghe +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the association between socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors is well established in high-income countries, but it is not clear how behavioral risk factors are distributed within LLMICs.
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Socioeconomic inequalities in non-communicable diseases prevalence in India: disparities between self-reported diagnoses and standardized measures.
Sukumar Vellakkal,Sankaran Subramanian,Christopher Millett,Christopher Millett,Sanjay Basu,Sanjay Basu,David Stuckler,David Stuckler,Shah Ebrahim,Shah Ebrahim +9 more
TL;DR: The socio-economic patterning of NCD prevalence differs markedly when assessed by standardized criteria versus self-reported diagnoses, indicating likely under-diagnosis and under-reporting of diseases among the poor in India.
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Jumping the gun: the problematic discourse on socioeconomic status and cardiovascular health in India
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of studies reporting the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and CVRF, CVD, and CVD-related mortality in India was conducted by as mentioned in this paper.
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