Journal ArticleDOI
Sources and Significance of Plasma Levels of Catechols and Their Metabolites in Humans
TLDR
Human plasma contains several catechols, including the catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, their precursor, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), and their deaminated metabolites, dihydroxyphensylglycol, the main neuronal metabolite of nore Pinephrine,Abstract:
Human plasma contains several catechols, including the catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, their precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), and their deaminated metabolites, dihydroxyphenylglycol, the main neuronal metabolite of norepinephrine, and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, a deaminated metabolite of dopamine. Products of metabolism of catechols include 3-methoxytyrosine (from L-DOPA), homovanillic acid and dopamine sulfate (from dopamine), normetanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid, and methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (from norepinephrine), and metanephrine (from epinephrine). Plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites have related but distinct sources and therefore reflect different functions of catecholamine systems. This article provides an update about plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites and the relevance of those levels to some issues in human health and disease.read more
Citations
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Neurohumoral Features of Myocardial Stunning Due to Sudden Emotional Stress
Ilan S. Wittstein,David R. Thiemann,Joao A.C. Lima,Kenneth L. Baughman,Steven P. Schulman,Gary Gerstenblith,Katherine C. Wu,Jeffrey J. Rade,Trinity J. Bivalacqua,Hunter C. Champion +9 more
TL;DR: Emotional stress can precipitate severe, reversible left ventricular dysfunction in patients without coronary disease andaggerated sympathetic stimulation is probably central to the cause of this syndrome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy A New Form of Acute, Reversible Heart Failure
TL;DR: A condition featuring symptoms and signs of acute myocardial infarction without demonstrable coronary artery stenosis or spasm in which the heart takes on the appearance of a Japanese octopus fishing pot called a takotsubo is described and an animal model that may clarify the pathogenesis is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy--a novel pathophysiological hypothesis to explain catecholamine-induced acute myocardial stunning.
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that stress cardiomyopathy is a form of myocardial stunning, but with different cellular mechanisms to those seen during transient episodes of ischemia secondary to coronary stenoses, and that high levels of circulating epinephrine trigger a switch in intracellular signal trafficking in ventricular cardiomeocytes, from Gs protein to Gi protein signaling via the β2-adrenoceptor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Infection After Acute Ischemic Stroke A Manifestation of Brain-Induced Immunodepression
TL;DR: The appearance of infection in patients with acute stroke obeys in part to immunological mechanisms triggered by acute brain injury, and it is likely that this immunological response represents an adaptive mechanism to brain ischemia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolism and functions of copper in brain.
TL;DR: The biological functions of copper in the brain are summarized and the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in copper transport, storage and export of brain cells are described.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Graeme Eisenhofer,Anders Aneman,Peter Friberg,Douglas Hooper,Lars Fändriks,Hans Lönroth,Béla Hunyady,Eva Mezey +7 more
TL;DR: The results show that mesenteric organs produce close to half of the dopamine formed in the body, most of which is unlikely to be derived from sympathetic nerves but may reflect production in a novel nonneuronal dopaminergic system.