Southern Hemisphere Biogeography Inferred by Event-Based Models: Plant versus Animal Patterns
TLDR
The results confirm the hybrid origin of the South American biota: there has been surprisingly little biotic exchange between the northern tropical and the southern temperate regions of South America, especially for animals.Abstract:
The Southern Hemisphere has traditionally been considered as having a fundamentally vicariant history. The common trans-Pacific disjunctions are usually explained by the sequential breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana during the last 165 million years, causing successive division of an ancestral biota. However, recent biogeographic studies, based on molecular estimates and more accurate paleogeographic reconstructions, indicate that dispersal may have been more important than traditionally assumed. We examined the relative roles played by vicariance and dispersal in shaping Southern Hemisphere biotas by analyzing a large data set of 54 animal and 19 plant phylogenies, including marsupials, ratites, and southern beeches (1,393 terminals). Parsimony-based tree fitting in conjunction with permutation tests was used to examine to what extent Southern Hemisphere biogeographic patterns fit the breakup sequence of Gondwana and to identify concordant dispersal patterns. Consistent with other studies, the animal data are congruent with the geological sequence of Gondwana breakup: (Africa(New Zealand(southern South America, Australia))). Trans-Antarctic dispersal (Australia southern South America) is also significantly more frequent than any other dispersal event in animals, which may be explained by the long period of geological contact between Australia and South America via Antarctica. In contrast, the dominant pattern in plants, (southern South America(Australia, New Zealand)), is better explained by dispersal, particularly the prevalence of trans-Tasman dispersal between New Zealand and Australia. Our results also confirm the hybrid origin of the South American biota: there has been surprisingly little biotic exchange between the northern tropical and the southern temperate regions of South America, especially for animals.read more
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DissertationDOI
Systematic studies in Neotropical Myrtaceae with an emphasis on Myrcia s.l. : the evolution and biogeography of a large South American clade
TL;DR: Modern, natural, subtribal and infrageneric classifications are proposed and concluding inferences are drawn regarding drivers of large genera using Myrtaceae and Myrcia s.l. as case studies.
Systematics and Biogeography of the Didymopanax group of Schefflera (Araliaceae)
TL;DR: Molecular phylogenetic analyses have confirmed the monophyly of the Neotropical species of Schefflera, and helped to identify four major clades, including one that accounts for the greatest species richness in the group.
Book ChapterDOI
Bio-Connections Between Southern Continents: What is and What is Not Possible to Conclude
TL;DR: Characters of the South American avian fossil record are presence of taxa with uncertain affinities and the absence of Passeriformes during the Paleogene; progressive and accelerated increase of species starting at the Neogene (Miocene); and predominance of the zoophagous birds in all the associations under scrutiny.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pantropical diversification of padauk trees and relatives was influenced by biome‐switching and long‐distance dispersal
Rowan J. Schley,Ming Qin,Mohammad Vatanparast,Panagiota Malakasi,Manuel de la Estrella,Gwilym P. Lewis,Bente B. Klitgård +6 more
TL;DR: The biogeographical history of a tree clade is reconstructed to assess whether seed dispersal traits and biome‐switching explain the clade’s pantropical distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multilocus phylogenetics of smooth clam shrimps (Branchiopoda, Laevicaudata)
Zandra M. S. Sigvardt,Jørgen E. Olesen,D. Christopher Rogers,Brian V. Timms,Brian V. Timms,Musa C. Mlambo,Nicolas Rabet,Ferran Palero,Ferran Palero +8 more
TL;DR: A worldwide overview of Laevicaudata evolution highlights that recent sampling from Africa and South America is scarce, and that further DNA efforts should focus on Paralimnetis and Lynceiopsis species.
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