Standard methods for varroa research
Vincent Dietemann,Francesco Nazzi,Stephen J. Martin,Denis L. Anderson,Barbara Locke,Keith S. Delaplane,Quentin Wauquiez,Cindy Tannahill,Eva Frey,Bettina Ziegelmann,Peter Rosenkranz,James D. Ellis +11 more
TLDR
This paper provides easy to use protocols for the collection, identification, diagnosis, rearing, breeding, marking and measurement of infestation rates and fertility of V. destructor and describes pros and cons for all methods for the user to know which method to use under which circumstances.Abstract:
SummaryVery rapidly after Varroa destructor invaded apiaries of Apis mellifera, the devastating effect of this mite prompted an active research effort to understand and control this parasite. Over a few decades, varroa has spread to most countries exploiting A. mellifera. As a consequence, a large number of teams have worked with this organism, developing a diversity of research methods. Often different approaches have been followed to achieve the same goal. The diversity of methods made the results difficult to compare, thus hindering our understanding of this parasite. In this paper, we provide easy to use protocols for the collection, identification, diagnosis, rearing, breeding, marking and measurement of infestation rates and fertility of V. destructor. We also describe experimental protocols to study orientation and feeding of the mite, to infest colonies or cells and measure the mite's susceptibility to acaricides. Where relevant, we describe which mite should be used for bioassays since their beha...read more
Citations
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A new species
TL;DR: The only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus, is redescribed and sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are described.
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A Manual of Acarology
TL;DR: In this paper, a manual of acarology is referred to read because it is an inspiring book to give you more chance to get experiences and also thoughts and download the book in this website lists can give more advantages.
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Varroa destructor feeds primarily on honey bee fat body tissue and not hemolymph.
Samuel Ramsey,Ronald Ochoa,Gary R. Bauchan,Connor J. Gulbronson,Joseph Mowery,Allen Carson Cohen,David Lim,Judith Joklik,Joseph M. Cicero,James D. Ellis,David J. Hawthorne,Dennis vanEngelsdorp +11 more
TL;DR: The work shows that this parasite is not consuming hemolymph, as has been the accepted view, but damages host bees by consuming fat body, a tissue roughly analogous to the mammalian liver, which strongly suggest that Varroa are exploiting the fat body as their primary source of sustenance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standard methods for Nosema research
Ingemar Fries,Marie-Pierre Chauzat,Yanping Chen,Vincent Doublet,Elke Genersch,Sebastian Gisder,Mariano Higes,Dino P. McMahon,Raquel Martín-Hernández,Myrsini E. Natsopoulou,Robert J. Paxton,Gina Tanner,Thomas C. Webster,Geoffrey R. Williams +13 more
TL;DR: Methods for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and in the laboratory are described, including different means for determining colony level and individual bee infection levels and methods for species determination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standard methods for maintaining adult Apis mellifera in cages under in vitro laboratory conditions
Geoffrey R. Williams,Cédric Alaux,Cecilia Costa,Tamás Csáki,Vincent Doublet,Dorothea Eisenhardt,Ingemar Fries,Rolf Kuhn,Dino P. McMahon,Piotr Medrzycki,Tomás E. Murray,Myrsini E. Natsopoulou,Peter J. Neumann,Randy Oliver,Robert J. Paxton,Stephen F. Pernal,Dave Shutler,Gina Tanner,Jozef J. M. van der Steen,Robert Brodschneider +19 more
TL;DR: The ultimate goal of this, and of all COLOSS BEEBOOK papers, is not to stifle science with restrictions, but rather to provide researchers with the appropriate tools to generate comparable data that will build upon current understanding of honey bees.
References
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Biometery: The principles and practice of statistics in biological research
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for the analysis of variance in a single-classification and two-way and multiway analysis of Variance with the assumption of correlation.
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Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research
Robert R. Sokal,F. James Rohlf +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for the analysis of variance in a single-classification and two-way and multiway analysis of Variance with the assumption of correlation.
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Randomization, Bootstrap and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology
TL;DR: The idea of a randomization test has been explored in the context of data analysis for a long time as mentioned in this paper, and it has been applied in a variety of applications in biology, such as single species ecology and community ecology.
A new species
TL;DR: The only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus, is redescribed and sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are described.
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