Stem cells propagate their DNA by random segregation in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano.
Freija Verdoodt,Maxime Willems,Stijn Mouton,Katrien De Mulder,Wim Bert,Wouter Houthoofd,Julian P. S. Smith,Peter Ladurner +7 more
TLDR
The data unambiguously demonstrated that the majority of neoblasts in M. lignano distribute their DNA randomly during cell division, and that label-retention is a direct result of cellular quiescence, rather than a sign of co-segregation of labeled strands.Abstract:
Adult stem cells are proposed to have acquired special features to prevent an accumulation of DNA-replication errors. Two such mechanisms, frequently suggested to serve this goal are cellular quiescence, and non-random segregation of DNA strands during stem cell division, a theory designated as the immortal strand hypothesis. To date, it has been difficult to test the in vivo relevance of both mechanisms in stem cell systems. It has been shown that in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano pluripotent stem cells (neoblasts) are present in adult animals. We sought to address by which means M. lignano neoblasts protect themselves against the accumulation of genomic errors, by studying the exact mode of DNA-segregation during their division.
In this study, we demonstrated four lines of in vivo evidence in favor of cellular quiescence. Firstly, performing BrdU pulse-chase experiments, we localized ‘Label-Retaining Cells’ (LRCs). Secondly, EDU pulse-chase combined with Vasa labeling demonstrated the presence of neoblasts among the LRCs, while the majority of LRCs were differentiated cells.We showed that stem cells lose their label at a slow rate, indicating cellular quiescence. Thirdly, CldU/IdU− double labeling studies confirmed that label-retaining stem cells showed low proliferative activity. Finally, the use of the actin inhibitor, cytochalasin D, unequivocally demonstrated random segregation of DNA-strands in LRCs.
Altogether, our data unambiguously demonstrated that the majority of neoblasts in M. lignano distribute their DNA randomly during cell division, and that label-retention is a direct result of cellular quiescence, rather than a sign of co-segregation of labeled strands.read more
Citations
More filters
Proceedings Article
Image Processing
TL;DR: The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images.
Clonogenic Neoblasts Are Pluripotent Adult Stem Cells That Underlie Planarian Regeneration
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used ionizing radiation and single-cell transplantation to identify clonogenic neoblasts that can form large descendant-cell colonies in vivo, and concluded that broadly distributed, adult pluripotent stem cells underlie the remarkable regenerative abilities of planarians.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological adhesion of the flatworm Macrostomum lignano relies on a duo-gland system and is mediated by a cell type-specific intermediate filament protein
Birgit Lengerer,Robert Pjeta,Julia Wunderer,Marcelo Teixeira Rodrigues,Roberto Arbore,Lukas Schärer,Eugene Berezikov,Michael W. Hess,Kristian Pfaller,Bernhard Egger,Sabrina Obwegeser,Willi Salvenmoser,Peter Ladurner +12 more
TL;DR: The findings reveal an elaborate biological adhesion system in a free-living flatworm, which permits impressively rapid temporary adhesion-release performance in the marine environment and might contribute to a better understanding of the function of intermediate filaments and their associated human diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Positional RNA-Seq identifies candidate genes for phenotypic engineering of sexual traits
TL;DR: The authors' positional RNA-Seq analysis represents a highly useful resource for the identification of candidate transcripts for functional and phenotypic engineering studies in M. lignano and can overcome some inherent limitations of homology-based candidate selection and thus should be applicable to a broad range of emerging model organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
The free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano.
Jakub Wudarski,Bernhard Egger,Steven A. Ramm,Lukas Schärer,Peter Ladurner,Kira S. Zadesenets,Nikolay B. Rubtsov,Stijn Mouton,Eugene Berezikov +8 more
TL;DR: A free-living flatworm that is emerging as an attractive experimental animal for research on a broad range of biological questions, one feature setting it apart from other flatworms is the successful establishment of transgenesis methods, facilitated by a steady supply of eggs in the form of single-cell zygotes that can be readily manipulated.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of marine planktonic diatoms: i. cyclotella nana hustedt, and detonula confervacea (cleve) gran.
TL;DR: Bacteria-free clones of the small centric diatom Cyclotella nana Hustedt were isolated, three from estuarine localities, one from Continental Shelf waters, and one from the Sargasso Sea as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: Implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis
TL;DR: It is suggested that follicular stem cells reside in the bulge region, instead of the lower bulb, which provides insights into hair cycle control and the possible involvement of hair follicle stem cells in skin carcinogenesis.
Proceedings Article
Image Processing
TL;DR: The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images.
Journal ArticleDOI
Socializing with the Neighbors: Stem Cells and Their Niche
TL;DR: This review, which examines adult stem cell niches and their impact on stem cell biology, highlights the importance of understanding how stem cells interact with their microenvironment to establish and maintain their properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stem Cells and Niches: Mechanisms That Promote Stem Cell Maintenance throughout Life
TL;DR: Niches are local tissue microenvironments that maintain and regulate stem cells that are key to the regulation of homeostasis and likely contribute to aging and tumorigenesis when altered during adulthood.