Q2. What is the effect of participation in supermarket channels on poverty?
Participation in supermarket channels is associated with a 50% gain in average household income, leading to significant poverty reduction.
Supermarkets, farm household income and poverty: Insights from Kenya
Elizaphan J.O. Rao,Matin Qaim +1 more
TLDR
This paper used endogenous switching regression and building on a survey of vegetable farmers in Kenya to find that participation in supermarket channels is associated with a 48% gain in average household income, which also contributes to poverty reduction.About:
This article is published in World Development.The article was published on 2011-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 295 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Household income & Per capita income.read more
Figures
Table 3. Probit model for determinants of participation in supermarket channel 
Table 1. General differences between supermarket and spot market suppliers 
Table 2. Gross margin differences between supermarket and spot market suppliers 
Figure 4. Cumulative distribution of annual per capita household income by market channel Note: The Kolmogorow-Smirnov test statistic of 0.361 indicates that the two distributions are statistically different (p=0.000). 
Figure 5. Incidence of poverty by market channel 
Figure 3. Average annual per capita income by market channel
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Linking Smallholders to Markets: Determinants and Impacts of Farmer Collective Action in Kenya
Elisabeth Fischer,Matin Qaim +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate determinants and impacts of cooperative organization, using the example of smallholder banana farmers in Kenya, and find positive income effects for active group members.
Journal ArticleDOI
As You Sow, So Shall You Reap: The Welfare Impacts of Contract Farming
TL;DR: This paper used the results of a contingent-valuation experiment to control for unobserved heterogeneity among smallholders and found that a 1 percent increase in the likelihood of participating in contract farming is associated with a 0.5-percent increase in household income, among other positive impacts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food Standards, Certification, and Poverty among Coffee Farmers in Uganda
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed and compared impacts of three sustainability-oriented standards (Fairtrade, Organic, and UTZ) on the livelihoods of smallholder coffee farmers in Uganda.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Economics of the Food System Revolution
Thomas Reardon,C. Peter Timmer +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the economics of these system-wide changes and argue that the steps of conceptualizing and empirically researching this transformation are still in their infancy because of remaining limitations on data suitable for formal modeling and hypothesis testing and the sheer complexity of food system related decisions that need to be modeled and understood.
References
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Book
Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data
TL;DR: This is the essential companion to Jeffrey Wooldridge's widely-used graduate text Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (MIT Press, 2001).
Book
Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the use of truncated distributions in the context of unions and wages, and some results on truncated distribution Bibliography Index and references therein.
Journal ArticleDOI
Limited information estimators and exogeneity tests for simultaneous probit models
Douglas Rivers,Quang Vuong +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-step maximum likelihood procedure is proposed for estimating simultaneous probit models and is compared to alternative limited information estimators, conditions under which each estimator attains the Cramer-Rao lower bound are obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Rise of Supermarkets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the traditional retail and wholesale system in the midst of which emerged modern food retailing and its procurement system, and discuss the determinants of and patterns in the diffusion of supermarkets in the three regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unionism and Wage Rates: A Simultaneous Equations Model with Qualitative and Limited Dependent Variables
TL;DR: This paper used a variant of a traditional simultaneous equations model with a binary qualitative variable (union membership) and limited dependent variables, and found that the propensity to join a union depends on the net wage gains that might result from trade union membership.