Open AccessJournal Article
Temperature fields produced by traveling distributed heat sources
Thomas W. Eagar,N. S Tsai +1 more
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The solution of a traveling distributed heat source on a semi-infinite plate provides information about both the size and the shape of arc weld pools as mentioned in this paper, and the results indicate that both welding process variables (current, arc length and travel speed) and material parameters (thermal diffusivity) have significant effects on weld shape.Abstract:
The solution of a traveling distributed heat source on a semi-infinite plate provides information about both the size and the shape of arc weld pools. The results indicate that both welding process variables (current, arc length and travel speed) and material parameters (thermal diffusivity) have significant effects on weld shape. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results on carbon steels, stainless steel, titanium and aluminum with good agreement. 25 references, 23 figures, 1 table.read more
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A processing diagram for high-density Ti-6Al-4V by selective laser melting
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an approach that combines simulations and experiments to identify processing parameters for high-density Ti-6Al-4V using the laser powder-bed-fusion technique.
Journal Article
Closed-loop control of weld pool depth using a thermally based depth estimator
J.B. Song,David E. Hardt +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a real-time estimation of the depth of partial penetration welds is proposed based on the solution of an inverse heat transfer problem, and a closed-loop control system for weld pool depth using this thermally based depth estimator is also presented.
The transition from shallow to deep penetration during electron beam welding
TL;DR: In this article, an electron beam partial-penetration weld was made on 2024 aluminium and 304 stainless steel at travel speeds from 6.4 to 3200 mm/s (0.25 to 126 in/s).
Journal ArticleDOI
The investigation of plume and spatter signatures on melted states in selective laser melting
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanism of the plume and spatter was investigated for the melted state detection in Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process using a Near-Infrared (NIR) camera.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melting modes in laser powder bed fusion
Sagar Patel,Mihaela Vlasea +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, normalized processing diagrams are obtained to visualize the three melting modes - conduction mode, transition mode, and keyhole mode, which can provide a useful tool in diagnosing the origins of porous defects and enable accelerated process optimization efforts towards tailoring material properties in LPBF.
References
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Heat treating and melting material with a scanning laser or electron beam
H. E. Cline,T. R. Anthony +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermal analysis for laser heating and melting materials is derived for a Gaussian source moving at a constant velocity, where the resulting temperature distribution, cooling rate distribution, and depth of melting are related to the laser spot size, velocity, and power level.
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Heat Intensity and Current Density Distributions at the Anode of High Current, Inert Gas Arcs
TL;DR: In this article, heat and current distributions at the anode of high current arcs in inert gas atmospheres were determined experimentally, and the experimental method consisted of splitting anode, measuring the heat flux and the current to one of the sections as a function of arc position relative to the splitting plane, and calculating therefrom the distribution functions.
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Analysis of Electrode Phenomena in the High-Current Arc
J. D. Cobine,E. E. Burger +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors made an analysis of the phenomena at the electrodes of a high-current short-time arc and showed that the input power density to the anode spot is in the range 5×104 to 1×106 watts/cm2.
Convection in arc weld pools
TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model was developed to account for convection and temperature distributions in stationary arc weld pools driven by buoyancy, electromagnetic and surface tension forces, and it was shown that these forces dominate the flow behavior.
Effect of Selenium on GTAW Fusion Zone Geometry
C.R. Heiple,J.R. Roper +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, small additions of selenium to 21-6-9 stainless steel dramatically increase the depth/width ratio of bead-on-plate welds, which is consistent with a model for control of weld fusion zone geometry.