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The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning
Keith J. Holyoak,B. Morrison +1 more
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The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning as mentioned in this paper is the first comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading.Abstract:
The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is the first comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading The volume also includeswork related to developmental, social and clinical psychology, philosophy, economics, artificial intelligence, linguistics, education, law, and medicine Scholars and students in all these fields and others will find this to be a valuable collectionread more
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When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperceptions
Brendan Nyhan,Jason Reifler +1 more
TL;DR: The authors conducted four experiments in which subjects read mock news articles that included either a misleading claim from a politician, or misleading claim and a correction, and found that corrections frequently fail to reduce misperceptions among the targeted ideological group.
Journal ArticleDOI
It's All about Me: Narcissistic Chief Executive Officers and Their Effects on Company Strategy and Performance:
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used unobtrusive measures of the narcissism of chief executive officers (CEOs) such as the prominence of the CEO's photograph in annual reports, CEO's prominence in press releases, and CEO's...
Journal ArticleDOI
Why Do Humans Reason? Arguments for an Argumentative Theory
Hugo Mercier,Dan Sperber +1 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis is that the function of reasoning is argumentative: It is to devise and evaluate arguments intended to persuade and is adaptive given the exceptional dependence of humans on communication and their vulnerability to misinformation.
Book ChapterDOI
Defining Twenty-First Century Skills
Marilyn Binkley,Ola Erstad,Joan L. Herman,Senta Raizen,Martin Ripley,May Miller-Ricci,Mike Rumble +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that success lies in being able to communicate, share, and use information to solve complex problems, in adapting and innovating in response to new demands and changing circumstances, in marshaling and expanding the power of technology to create new knowledge, and in expanding human capacity and productivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making.
TL;DR: Four theoretical approaches (psychophysical, computational, standard dual-process, and fuzzy trace theory) are outlined, their implications for numeracy are reviewed, and avenues for future research are pointed to.
References
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Book
Fuzzy sets
TL;DR: A separation theorem for convex fuzzy sets is proved without requiring that the fuzzy sets be disjoint.
Book
Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Amos Tversky,Daniel Kahneman +1 more
TL;DR: The authors described three heuristics that are employed in making judgements under uncertainty: representativeness, availability of instances or scenarios, and adjustment from an anchor, which is usually employed in numerical prediction when a relevant value is available.
Book
Metaphors We Live By
George Lakoff,Mark Johnson +1 more
TL;DR: Lakoff and Johnson as mentioned in this paper suggest that these basic metaphors not only affect the way we communicate ideas, but actually structure our perceptions and understandings from the beginning, and they offer an intriguing and surprising guide to some of the most common metaphors and what they can tell us about the human mind.
MonographDOI
Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition: Foundations
Book
Self-Organizing Maps
TL;DR: The Self-Organising Map (SOM) algorithm was introduced by the author in 1981 as mentioned in this paper, and many applications form one of the major approaches to the contemporary artificial neural networks field, and new technologies have already been based on it.