Journal ArticleDOI
The cell wall of fungal human pathogens: Its possible role in host-parasite relationshipsA review
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TLDR
The pathogenic fungi included in this review are classified according to their cell wall structure, following Bartnicki-Garcia's criteria (15) on the distribution of the two major polysaccharides within the fungal cell wall.Abstract:
The ability of some fungi to cause disease in animals, and particularly in humans, appears to be related to some peculiar trait of their metabolism not shared by taxonomically related species, so that among thousands of species of fungi, only some 100 are considered pathogenic for humans. Recently, there has been an increase in the basic research aimed at elucidating the physiology, biochemistry, and mechanisms of pathogenicity of the fungi in addition to the responses of the infected host. The results from these studies are often difficult to compare because of the lack of reference cultures, and because variability among laboratories are found for many parameters such as origin of isolates, growth conditions, and fractionation procedures used to obtain chemically defined components of cell walls. This review deals with cell wall structures and their influence in host-parasite relationships in those relatively few pathogenic fungi on which substantial literature exists. Serological properties of the walls are included when available. Readers interested in medical and biological aspects of fungi may consult Rippon's (140) and Emmons et al.'s (51) textbooks, among others. Some reviews on microbial surfaces and their relationships to pathogenicity have been published (160 162)2 The pathogenic fungi included in this review are classified according to their cell wall structure, following Bartnicki-Garcia's criteria (15) on the distribution of the two major polysaccharides within the fungal cell wall. This classification is based on the fact that fungi may be subdivided into various categories according to the chemical nature of their walls, and that these categories closely parallel conventional taxonomic boundaries. As seen in Table l, this classification is based on dual combinations of those polysaccharides which appear to be the principal component of vegetative walls, disregarding the presence of small amounts of other classifying polysaccharides. The few pathogenic fungi whose cell walls have been studied to some extent belong to Bartnicki-Garcia's categories 5 (chitin-glucan) and 6 (mannan-glucan) (Table 2). Besides these main polysaccharides, some minor components of the cell wall may also play important roles in pathogenicity, as antigens, or as virulence factors, and they will be mentioned in this review.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Host-parasite relationships in paracoccidioidomycosis.
TL;DR: A viewpoint of host-parasite relationships in paracoccidioidomycosis is presented and a discussion of granuloma morphogenesis and its relationship to the humoral and cellular anti-P.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation and characterization of beta-glucan receptors on human mononuclear phagocytes.
J K Czop,Jonathan Kay +1 more
TL;DR: Binding studies were carried out with human U937 cells and a rabbit IgG anti-Id that recognizes epitopes on monocyte beta-glucan receptors to characterize their structure, and affinity-purified proteins from detergent lysed human monocytes were characterized by immunoblot analysis and found to be identical to U 937 cell beta- GLUCan receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of the Human Pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Phase: Identification of Putative Homologues of Candida albicans Virulence and Pathogenicity Genes
Gustavo H. Goldman,Everaldo dos Reis Marques,Diógenes Custódio Duarte Ribeiro,Luciano Ângelo de Souza Bernardes,Andréa Carla Quiapin,Patrícia Marostica Vitorelli,Marcela Savoldi,Camile P. Semighini,Regina Costa de Oliveira,Luiz R. Nunes,Luiz R. Travassos,Rosana Puccia,Wagner L. Batista,Leslie Ecker Ferreira,Júlio C. Moreira,Ana Paula Bogossian,Fredj Tekaia,Marina P. Nobrega,Francisco G. Nobrega,Maria Helena S. Goldman +19 more
TL;DR: The results suggest the possible conservation of pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms among fungi, expand considerably gene identification in P. brasiliensis, and provide a broader basis for further progress in understanding its biological peculiarities.
Journal ArticleDOI
In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Micafungin (FK463) against Dimorphic Fungi: Comparison of Yeast-Like and Mycelial Forms
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that the growth form employed in antifungal susceptibility testing of dimorphic fungi can considerably influence the interpretation of results, and warrant further investigations of micafungin as a therapeutic agent for infections caused by dimorphics fungi.
Book ChapterDOI
Adhesion and association mechanisms of Candida albicans.
TL;DR: In patients who are compromised immunologically and undergoing prolonged antimicrobic therapy, C. albicans can reach high numbers in the GI tract and, subsequently, pass through the intestinal mucosa to initiate systemic infection by the hematogenous route.
References
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Book
Medical mycology;: The pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes
TL;DR: Medical mycology: the pathogen fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes , Medical mycOLOGY: the Pathogenic fungi andThe pathogenic acting fungi, and so on.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new genus, filobasidiella, the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans.
TL;DR: Differences in the manner of basidiospores formation in species of Filobasidium is not repetitious, whereas the new basidiomycete forms basidiaospores in basipetal chains by repetitious budding to warrant description of a new genus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Method for Fingerprinting Yeast Cell Wall Mannans
Jan Kocourek,Clinton E. Ballou +1 more
TL;DR: Controlled acetolysis of yeast mannans yields mixtures of oligosaccharides with (1-->2) and (1 -->3) linkages between the mannose units, whereas the less stable linkages of the polysaccharide backbone are cleaved.
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