Journal ArticleDOI
The distribution of spinal projection neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat, studied with the HRP method
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It is suggested that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords as well as the spinal projection levels of the rat spinal cord.Abstract:
The distribution and number of hypothalamospinal tract (HST) neurons were studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at various levels of the rat spinal cord. The hypothalamus was divided into four areas and one nucleus, that is, the dorsal (DHA), posterior (PHA), medial (MHA) and lateral (LHA) hypothalamic areas and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The total numbers of HST neurons labeled with HRP varied according to the injection levels: 6,160 (C2 injections), 3,808 (T8), 1,961 (L1), 919 (L7) and 13 (S4). With C2 injections LHA contained 3,464 neurons, which accounted for 56% of the full number of HST neurons; similarly, PVN, 1,114 (18%); MHA, 865 (14%); DHA and PHA, 817 (12%). With L7 injections, LHA contained 444 labeled neurons, which accounted for 48% of the total; PVN, 327 (36%); MHA, 71 (8%); DHA with PHA, 77 (8%). As for the rostrocaudal distribution of labeled neurons, there was only a slight difference between the C2 and L6 injections in LHA, but no difference was noticed in PVN, DHA nor PHA. The present findings suggest that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords. Although the number of labeled HST neurons decreased as the injection sites were placed caudally, no clearcut topographical arrangement was recognized in terms of the spinal projection levels.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hypothalamic Integration: Organization of the Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunohistochemical identification of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that project to the medulla or to the spinal cord in the rat
TL;DR: The results indicate that both oxytocin‐ and vasopressin‐stained cells in the PVH project to the spinal cord and to the dorsal vagal complex, although about three times as many oxytocinstained cells were doubly labeled after injections centered in either terminal field, suggesting that additional neuroactive substances are contained within these pathways.
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Hypothalamic Hypocretin (Orexin): Robust Innervation of the Spinal Cord
TL;DR: Long descending axonal projections that contain hypocretin were found that innervate all levels of the spinal cord from cervical to sacral segments, as studied in mouse, rat, and human spinal cord and not previously described, suggesting that in addition to possible roles in feeding and endocrine regulation, the descending hypocrretin fiber system may play a role in modulation of sensory input.
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Autonomic responses and efferent pathways from the insular cortex in the rat.
Yukihiko Yasui,Christopher D. Breder,Clifford B. Saper,Clifford B. Saper,David F. Cechetto,David F. Cechetto +5 more
TL;DR: The anatomical distribution of autonomic, particularly cardiovascular, responses originating in the insular cortex was examined by using systematic electrical microstimulation to demonstrate the localization of these responses to cell bodies in theinsular cortex.
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Emerging concepts of structure-function dynamics in adult brain: the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.
TL;DR: Progress in developing an ever more complete structural and functional picture of this system has been closely tied to advancements in technology, specifically in the areas of radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, anatomical tracing methods at the light and electron microscopic levels, and sophisticated preparations for electrophysiological investigation.
References
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TL;DR: The early stages of absorption of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase in proximal tubules of mouse kidney were studied with a new ultrastructural cytochemical technique, which gives sharp localization and is sensitive to protein transport.
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Technical considerations on the use of horseradish peroxidase as a neuronal marker
TL;DR: Techniques are described for increasing the reliability and sensitivity of retrograde labeling of neurons with horseradish peroxidase and the use of diaminobenzidine and its safe disposal are considered.
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Intra- and extrahypothalamic vasopressin and oxytocin pathways in the rat. Pathways to the limbic system, medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors localized vasopressin and oxytocin-containing pathways from the paraventricular nucleus towards the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, the nuclei of the amygdala, substantia nigra and substantia grisea, nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus and the spinal cord.