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Journal ArticleDOI

The dopaminergic system dynamic in the time perception: a review of the evidence.

TLDR
The dopaminergic system has great participation in impact on time perception and neurobiological basis of the executive functions and neurological diseases on the time perception is concluded.
Abstract
Dopaminergic system plays a key role in perception, which is an important executive function of the brain. Modulation in dopaminergic system forms an important biochemical underpinning of neural mechanisms of time perception in a very wide range, from milliseconds to seconds to longer daily rhythms. Distinct types of temporal experience are poorly understood, and the relationship between processing of different intervals by the brain has received little attention. A comprehensive understanding of interval timing functions should be sought within a wider context of temporal processing, involving genetic aspects, pharmacological models, cognitive aspects, motor control and the neurological diseases with impaired dopaminergic system. Particularly, an unexplored question is whether the role of dopamine in interval timing can be integrated with the role of dopamine in non-interval timing temporal components. In this review, we explore a wider perspective of dopaminergic system, involving genetic polymorphisms, pharmacological models, executive functions and neurological diseases on the time perception. We conclude that the dopaminergic system has great participation in impact on time perception and neurobiological basis of the executive functions and neurological diseases.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Dissociating Explicit and Implicit Timing in Parkinson's Disease Patients: Evidence from Bisection and Foreperiod Tasks.

TL;DR: The dissociation reported here supports the idea that timing can be differentiated according to whether it is explicitly or implicitly processed, and that PD participants are selectively impaired in the explicit processing of time.
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Neurochemical changes in basal ganglia affect time perception in parkinsonians

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the time cognitive processes are underlying to performance in cognitive tasks and that many are the brain areas and functions involved and the modulators in the time perception performance.
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Time estimation exposure modifies cognitive aspects and cortical activity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults

TL;DR: Time-estimation task improves ADHD cognitive symptoms, with a substantial increase in cortical areas activity related to attention and memory, suggesting its use as a tool for cognitive timing function management and non-invasive therapeutic aid in ADHD.
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Dissecting the links between reward and loss, decision-making, and self-reported affect using a computational approach

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between reward and loss experience, affect, and decision-making in humans using a novel judgement bias task analysed with a novel computational model and found that individuals reported more positive affective valence during periods of the task when prediction errors and offered decision outcomes were more positive.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing

TL;DR: It is proposed that the brain represents time in a distributed manner and tells the time by detecting the coincidental activation of different neural populations.
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Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia

TL;DR: Dysfunctional oscillations may arise owing to anomalies in the brain's rhythm-generating networks of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) interneurons and in cortico-cortical connections.
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Neuroimaging studies of working memory: a meta-analysis.

TL;DR: A potential fourth executive function is considered: selective attention to features of a stimulus to be stored in WM which leads to increased probability of activating the medial prefrontal cortex (BA 32) in storage tasks.
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Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception.

TL;DR: A psychological model of duration discrimination that differentiates the speed of an internal clock used for the registration of current sensory input from the speedOf the memory-storage process used forThe representation of the durations of prior stimulus events has proven useful in integrating these findings.
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Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is the core of the disorder.

TL;DR: It is argued that various cognitive deficits are enduring features of the schizophrenia illness, that they are not state-related and are not specific to subtypes of the illness, and, more specifically, that working memory and attention are characteristically impaired in patients with schizophrenia, irrespective of their level of intelligence.
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