Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of Solitary Confinement on Prison Inmates: A Brief History and Review of the Literature
TLDR
The effects of solitary confinement on prisoners have been extensively studied in the literature as mentioned in this paper and it has been shown that for many prisoners, the adverse effects are substantial, depending on duration and circumstances and mediated by prisoners individual characteristics.Abstract:
The effects of solitary confinement have been debated since at least the middle of the nineteenth century when both Americans and Europeans began to question the then‐widespread use of solitary confinement of convicted offenders. A sizable and impressively sophisticated literature, now largely forgotten, accumulated for more than a half century and documented significant damage to prisoners. More recently the development of supermax prisons in the United States and human rights objections to pretrial solitary confinement in Scandinavia revived interest in the topic and controversy over the findings. The weight of the modern evidence concurs with the findings of earlier research: whether and how isolation damages people depends on duration and circumstances and is mediated by prisoners’ individual characteristics; but for many prisoners, the adverse effects are substantial.read more
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The growth of incarceration in the United States: exploring causes and consequences
TL;DR: Part of the courts, criminal law, criminal procedure, criminology, Law and Society Commons, Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons, Legislation Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8
Eli Coleman,Asa Radix,Walter Pierre Bouman,George R. Brown,Annelou L. C. de Vries,Madeline B. Deutsch,Randi Ettner,Lin Fraser,Michael Goodman,J.A Green,Adrienne B. Hancock,Thomas W. Johnson,Dan H. Karasic,Gail Knudson,Scott Leibowitz,H.F.L. Meyer-Bahlburg,Stan Monstrey,Joz Motmans,Leena Nahata,Timo O. Nieder,Sari L. Reisner,C Richards,Loren S. Schechter,Vin Tangpricha,Amy C. Tishelman,Mick van Trotsenburg,Stephen Winter,Kelly Ducheny,Noah Adams,Thays Adrián,Luke Allen,David Azul,Harjit Bagga,Kazi Mohammad Nurul Basar,David S. Bathory,Javier Belinky,David R. Berg,Jens U. Berli,R. Bluebond-Langner,Mark-Bram Bouman,M. Bowers,Patricia Brassard,Jack L. Byrne,Luis Capitán,C. Cargill,Jeremi Carswell,S. Chang,Gaya Chelvakumar,Trevor Corneil,Katharine Baratz Dalke,Griet De Cuypere,Elma de Vries,Martin den Heijer,Aaron Devor,Cecilia Dhejne,A. D’Marco,E. Kale Edmiston,Laura Edwards-Leeper,R. Ehrbar,Diane Ehrensaft,Justus Eisfeld,Els Elaut,Laura Erickson-Schroth,Jamie L Feldman,Alessandra D. Fisher,M. M. Garcia,Luk Gijs,Susan E. Green,B. P. Hall,Teresa L. D. Hardy,Michael S. Irwig,Laura A. Jacobs,A. C. Janssen,Katherine Johnson,D. Klink,Bpc Kreukels,Laura E. Kuper,Elizabeth Kvach,Matthew A. Malouf,R Massey,T. Mazur,C McLachlan,Shane D. Morrison,Scott W. Mosser,Paula M. Neira,Ulrika Nygren,James Oates,Juno Obedin-Maliver,Georgios Pagkalos,Jessie Patton,Nittaya Phanuphak,Katherine Rachlin,Terry Reed,G. Nic Rider,J. Ristori,Sally Ann Robbins-Cherry,Stephanie A. Roberts,Kenny A. Rodriguez-Wallberg,Susan Rosenthal,Kenny Sabir,Joshua D. Safer,Ayden I. Scheim,L. J. Seal,T. J. Sehoole,Katherine G. Spencer,Colton M St. Amand,Thomas D. Steensma,John Strang,Guy B. Taylor,Kinzie Tilleman,Guy T'Sjoen,L. Vála,Norah M. van Mello,Jaimie F. Veale,Jennifer A. Vencill,B. Vincent,Linda Wesp,Michael West,Jon Arcelus +118 more
TL;DR: The SOC-8 guidelines are intended to be flexible to meet the diverse health care needs of TGD people globally and offer standards for promoting optimal health care and guidance for the treatment of people experiencing gender incongruence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Managing mentally ill inmates in prisons
Kenneth Adams,Joseph Ferrandino +1 more
TL;DR: The authors make an argument for more sophisticated approaches in dealing with mentally ill inmates that rely on expanded therapeutic options, broader role definitions for prison staff, and an evidence-based approach for individualizing treatment.
Journal Article
Solitary confinement and mental illness in U.S. prisons: a challenge for medical ethics.
Jeffrey L. Metzner,Jamie Fellner +1 more
TL;DR: The use of isolation to confine prisoners with serious mental illness, the psychological consequences of such confinement, and the response of U.S. courts and human rights experts are described are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
A culture of harm: Taming the dynamics of cruelty in supermax prisons.
TL;DR: The heightened risk of prisoner abuse that is created in supermax prison settings is examined to suggest that a combination of powerful contextual forces to which correctional officers are exposed can influence and affect them in ways that may engender a culture of mistreatment or harm.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present La Volonté de Savoir, the methodological introduction of a projected five-volume history of sexuality, which seems to have a special fascination for Foucault: the gradual emergence of medicine as an institution, the birth of political economy, demography and linguistics as human sciences, the invention of incarceration and confinement for the control of the "other" in society (the mad, the libertine, the criminal) and that special violence that lurks beneath the power to control discourse.
Book
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
TL;DR: Foucault shows the development of the Western system of prisons, police organizations, administrative and legal hierarchies for social control and the growth of disciplinary society as a whole as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serious mental disorder in 23 000 prisoners: a systematic review of 62 surveys
Seena Fazel,John Danesh +1 more
TL;DR: Although there was substantial heterogeneity among studies (especially for antisocial personality disorder), only a small proportion was explained by differences in prevalence rates between detainees and sentenced inmates.