Journal ArticleDOI
The nitrogen cycle.
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This article is published in Scientific American.The article was published on 1970-09-01. It has received 478 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nitrogen cycle & Nitrogen fixation.read more
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Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences
Peter M. Vitousek,John D. Aber,Robert W. Howarth,Gene E. Likens,Pamela A. Matson,David W. Schindler,William H. Schlesinger,David Tilman +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available scientific evidence shows that human alterations of the nitrogen cycle have approximately doubled the rate of nitrogen input into the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, with these rates still increasing; increased concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas N 2O globally, and increased concentration of other oxides of nitrogen that drive the formation of photochemical smog over large regions of Earth.
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Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions
James N. Galloway,Alan R. Townsend,Jan Willem Erisman,Mateete A. Bekunda,Zucong Cai,J. R. Freney,Luiz Antonio Martinelli,Sybil P. Seitzinger,Mark A. Sutton +8 more
TL;DR: Optimizing the need for a key human resource while minimizing its negative consequences requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach and the development of strategies to decrease nitrogen-containing waste.
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Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future
James N. Galloway,Frank Dentener,Douglas G. Capone,Elizabeth W. Boyer,Robert W. Howarth,Sybil P. Seitzinger,G. P. Asner,Cory C. Cleveland,P. A. Green,Elisabeth A. Holland,David M. Karl,Anthony F. Michaels,John H. Porter,Alan R. Townsend,Charles J. Vörösmarty +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr) and found that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, and the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially dis-connected.
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Legumes: Importance and Constraints to Greater Use
Peter Graham,Carroll P. Vance +1 more
TL;DR: Legumes, broadly defined by their unusual flower structure, podded fruit, and the ability of 88% of the species examined to date to form nodules with rhizobia, are second only to the Graminiae in their importance to humans.
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Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Robert H. Burris,Gary P. Roberts +1 more
TL;DR: Highlights in biological nitrogen fixation during the last fifty years are highlighted.