Book ChapterDOI
The role of compartmentation in the control of glycolysis.
J.H. Ottaway,J. Mowbray +1 more
TLDR
It is important to review the evidence pointing to significant compartmentation of glycolytic intermediates, and to discuss the relations between the mitochondrial space and the cytoplasmic space.Abstract:
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relations between the mitochondrial space and the cytoplasmic space. It has been widely assumed that the cytoplasmic space can be treated, so far as intermediary metabolism is concerned, as a homogeneous space in which all the glycolytic enzymes of the cell reside, and that these enzymes and their substrates are not found elsewhere in the cell. Many sophisticated calculations depend implicitly on these assumptions. Apart from the evidence collected in other studies, this belief no doubt had its foundation in the ease with which the pioneers of biochemistry extracted glycolytic enzymes with water from broken cells, and from the methods of purifying the glycolytic enzymes worked out in Biicher's laboratory. It is important to review the evidence pointing to significant compartmentation of glycolytic intermediates.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cytosolic phosphorylation potential.
TL;DR: Agreement between two highly active enzyme systems in the same compartment is taken as evidence of the existence of near-equilibrium in both these systems and suggests that free cytosolic [sigma ADP] is probably 20-fold lower than measured cell ADP content in mitochondrial-containing tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloning and sequencing of a deoxyribonucleic acid copy of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase messenger ribonucleic acid isolated from chicken muscle.
A. Dugaiczyk,Jay A. Haron,Edwin M. Stone,Olivia E. Dennison,Katrina Rothblum,Robert J. Schwartz +5 more
TL;DR: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was purified from the breast muscles of 3-week-old chickens and used to raise a specific antiserum in rabbits coupled to an in vitro translation assay to monitor the purification of GAPDH mRNA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phosphotransfer networks and cellular energetics.
Petras P. Dzeja,Andre Terzic +1 more
TL;DR: Enzymatic capacities, isoform distribution and the dynamics of net phosphoryl flux through the integrated phosphotransfer systems tightly correlate with cellular functions, indicating a critical role of such networks in efficient energy transfer and distribution, thereby securing the cellular economy and energetic homeostasis under stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myoplasmic binding of fura-2 investigated by steady-state fluorescence and absorbance measurements.
TL;DR: In vitro characterization of the Ca2+-dye reaction indicates that when fura-2 is bound to aldolase (a large and abundant myoplasmic protein), the dissociation constant of the dye forCa2+ is three- to fourfold larger than that measured in the absence of protein.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular concentrations of enzymes and their substrates
TL;DR: The data in general justify the use of enzyme kinetic mechanisms determined in vitro in the construction of dynamic models which simulate in vivo metabolism, and in general substrates exceed their cognate enzyme concentrations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels☆
TL;DR: The staining procedure for localizing superoxide dismutase on polyacrylamide electrophoretograms has been applied to extracts obtained from a variety of sources and could thus be assayed either in crude extracts or in purified protein fractions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Ischemia on Known Substrates and Cofactors of the Glycolytic Pathway in Brain
TL;DR: This is a record of the concentrations of the nonenzyme components of the Embden-Meyerhof system in mouse brain measured at brief intervals after the production of complete ischemia by decapitation, which resulted in increases in glycolytic rates of at least 4to 7-fold in different experimental groups of mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Redox State of Free Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide in the Cytoplasm and Mitochondria of Rat Liver
TL;DR: The bearing of these findings on various problems, including the number of NAD(+)-NADH pools in liver cells; the applicability of the method to tissues other than liver; the transhydrogenase activity of glutamate dehydrogenase; the physiological significance of the difference of the redox states of mitochondria and cytoplasm; aspects of the regulation of theredox state of cell compartments; the steady-state concentration of mitochondrial oxaloacetate.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mathematical theory of diffusion and reaction in permeable catalysts
Book
Biochemistry and the central nervous system
TL;DR: Mellwain, Ph.D., D.Sc., this article, described the central nervous system of the human brain and its relationship with the human body, using 34 tables from Biochemistry and the Central Nervous System.
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