Journal ArticleDOI
The role of spreading depression in focal ischemia evaluated by diffusion mapping.
Kentaro Takano,Lawrence L. Latour,Lawrence L. Latour,James E. Formato,Richard A. D. Carano,Karl G. Helmer,Yasuhiro Hasegawa,Christopher H. Sotak,Marc Fisher +8 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that ischemia‐related and induced SDs increase significantly ischemic lesion volume in vivo, supporting the hypothesis for a causative role of SD in extending focal ischema injury.Abstract:
This study investigated the role of spontaneous and induced spreading depression (SD) on the evolution of focal ischemia in vivo. We induced focal ischemia in 12 rats using the middle cerebral artery suture occlusion (MCAO) method. Chemical stimulation of nonischemic ipsilateral cortex by potassium chloride application (KCl group; n = 7) and saline (NaCl group; n = 5) was performed at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes following MCAO, and SD was detected electrophysiologically. Ischemic lesion volumes assessed over 15-minute intervals, evaluated by continuous apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water mapping, demonstrated that the ischemic region increased significantly during 15-minute time epochs with a single SD episode (36.5 +/- 12.9 mm3, mean +/- SD) or multiple SD episodes (39.8 +/- 22.3) compared with those without SD (13.9 +/- 11.5) (p = 0.0009). Infarct volume at postmortem 24 hours after MCAO was significantly larger in the KCl group, with more total SDs (237.8 +/- 13.8) than the NaCl group (190.5 +/- 12.6) (p = 0.0001). This study demonstrates that ischemia-related and induced SDs increase significantly ischemic lesion volume in vivo, supporting the hypothesis for a causative role of SD in extending focal ischemic injury.read more
Citations
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The role of spreading depression, spreading depolarization and spreading ischemia in neurological disease
TL;DR: Therapies that target spreading depolarization or the inverse hemodynamic response may potentially treat neurological conditions such as aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage or traumatic brain injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acute ischemic stroke: overview of major experimental rodent models, pathophysiology, and therapy of focal cerebral ischemia.
Aysan Durukan,Turgut Tatlisumak +1 more
TL;DR: Various rodent animal models, pathogenic mechanisms, and promising therapeutic approaches of ischemic stroke are focused on.
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Interplay between Cortical Spreading Depolarization and Seizures
TL;DR: Manipulations in the occurrence and nature of CSD can potentially alter the threshold for seizure activity, and perhaps minimize immediate and long-term sequelae associated with epilepsy.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ischemic penumbra Operationally defined by diffusion and perfusion MRI
Gottfried Schlaug,Andrew Benfield,Alison E. Baird,Bettina Siewert,Karl-Olof Lövblad,Robert A. Parker,Robert R. Edelman,Steve Warach +7 more
TL;DR: These MR indexes may allow the identification and quantification of viable but ischemically threatened cerebral tissue amenable to therapeutic interventions in the hyperacute care of stroke patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enlargement of human cerebral ischemic lesion volumes measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Alison E. Baird,Andrew Benfield,Gottfried Schlaug,Bettina Siewert,Karl-Olof Lövblad,Robert R. Edelman,Steven Warach +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that substantial enlargement of human cerebral ischemic lesion volumes can occur beyond the first 6, 12 or 24 hours after onset and a mismatch acutely between the region of hypoperfusion (larger) and the area of diffusion abnormality (smaller) may be predictive of ischeic lesion enlargement.
References
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Early detection of regional cerebral ischemia in cats: comparison of diffusion- and T2-weighted MRI and spectroscopy.
Michael E. Moseley,Yoram Cohen,J Mintorovitch,Laureano Chileuitt,Hiroaki Shimizu,John Kucharczyk,Michael F. Wendland,Philip Weinstein +7 more
TL;DR: Diffusion‐weighted hyperintensity in ischemic tissues may be temperature‐related, due to rapid accumulation of diffusion‐restricted water in the intracellular space (cytotoxic edema) resulting from the breakdown of the transmembrane pump and/or to microscopic brain pulsations.
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Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists, and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia, and spreading depression: a unifying hypothesis.
Bo K. Siesjö,Finn Bengtsson +1 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis predicts that loss of cellular calcium ho meostasis underlies selective neuronal vulnerability in ischemia, hypoglycemia, and epileptic seizures and that some cells are more vulner able than others because they have a higher density of calcium channels in their plasma membranes.